A comparative study of gangliosides from the brains of various species

Schengrund, Cara Lynne; Garrigan, Owen W.

doi:10.1007/bf02531030

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…With the exception of GDla, a developmental relationship between the content of C20: 1 LCB species and the number of sialic acid residues in the ganglioside molecule seems to be supported by the present data, in agreement with previous results from human brain (Schengrund and Garrigan, 1969;Iwamori and Nagai, 1978;Ando and Yu, 1984), but in disagreement with others (Mansson et al, 1978). Clarification of this interesting point requires further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Changes in the Ceramide Composition of Rat Forebrain Gangliosides with Age

Palestini¹,

Masserini²,

Sonnino³

et al. 1990

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Five major gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b) were extracted and isolated by normal-phase HPLC from the forebrain of Sprague-Dawley rats of ages ranging from 3 days to 24 months. Each ganglioside was fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC into the molecular species carrying a single long-chain base moiety. At all ages, the C18:1 and C20:1 long-chain base species predominated, whereas the C18:0 and C20:0 ones represented 1-3% of the total. The C18:1 long-chain base species, predominant at 3 days (91-96%), diminished with age and reached, at 2 years, 73%, 65%, 61%, 59%, and 45% of the total for GD1a, GM1, GT1b, GD1b, and GQ1b, respectively. The content of the C20:1 long-chain base species, low at birth (4-9%), increased with age in all gangliosides and reached, at 2 years, 27-55% of the total. The developmental behavior of the ganglioside species containing the C18:1 long-chain base was characterized by the following: (a) a biphasic profile with a maximum around 15 days for GD1a, the most abundant ganglioside at all ages; (b) an increase until 6 months for GM1; (c) a sharp decrease until 30 days, followed by leveling for GT1b; and (d) a low, constant level for GD1b and GQ1b. All the ganglioside species containing the C20:1 long-chain base showed a constant increase during development, the increase being more marked in the first 30 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Changes in the Ceramide Composition of Rat Forebrain Gangliosides with Age

Palestini¹,

Masserini²,

Sonnino³

et al. 1990

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…The amount of 4-eicosasphingenine is relatively low in hematosides, and higher in the hexosamine-containing gangliosides . The percentage of 4-eicosasphingenine increases with the increasing sialic acid content in gangliosides, as also shown by Schengrund and Garrigan [1969] and Yohe et a1 [1976], for a limited number of ganglioside species.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Fatty acid and long‐chain base composition of gangliosides isolated from adult human brain

Ando

1984

J of Neuroscience Research

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A series of major and minor ganglioside species were isolated from a single human adult brain and analyzed for their lipophilic composition. Hematosides, GM3 and GD3, each showing double bands on thin-layer chromatograms, were separated into the upper band and lower band fractions to be analyzed for the heterogeneity of their ceramide moieties. The upper band fractions of GM3 and GD3 were found to contain relatively high amounts of longer-chain fatty acids (C20-C26), whereas the lower band fractions contained high amounts of shorter-chain fatty acids (C16-C18). Compared to other gangliosides which contain hexosamine, the two hematosides contained a smaller proportion of stearic acid. The proportion of 4-eicosasphingenine was found to increase with increasing sialic acid content in gangliosides. These findings suggest that, in the biosynthesis of various gangliosides, N-acetylhexosamine is preferentially transferred to hematosides rich in stearic acid, and sialic acid residues are preferentially transferred to 4-eicosasphingenine-containing species.

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“…Sulfated galactosyl glyceride, which was found in mammalian (Levine et al, 1975;Flynn et al, 1975;Ishizuka et al, 1978) and fish brains (Ishizuka et al, 1978;Tamai et al, 1982) was not detected in frog brain. We obtained a ganglioside level higher than that in previous studies on frog brain (Schengrund and Garrigan, 1969;Yu and Ledeen, 1970;Avrova, 1971). As frog brain gangliosides are highly sialylated (Avrova, 1971;Ohashi, 1982), the more polar solvent used for the lipid extraction in the present study seemed to elevate the yield.…”

Section: Composition Of Glycolipidscontrasting

confidence: 44%

Characteristic Constituents of Glycolipids from Frog Brain and Sciatic Nerve

Saito

Tamai

1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Cerebroside, sulfatide, monoglycosyl glyceride, and ester cerebroside were isolated from frog brain and sciatic nerve, and their distribution and chemical constituents were determined. The long-chain base compositions of cerebroside, sulfatide, and ester cerebroside were unique in the presence of branched-base components (5-15% of the total bases) and in the abundance of saturated dihydroxy base components (15-45% of the total). The amount of branched long-chain bases was greater in sciatic nerve than in brain. The hexose composition of the glycolipids consisted entirely of galactose except for brain cerebroside, in which a small amount of glucose was detected. Monogalactosyl glyceride consisted of the diacyl and alkylacyl forms, in a molar ratio of 81:19 for brain and 62:38 for sciatic nerve. The fatty acid composition of glycosphingolipids was characterized by the predominance of hydroxy and nonhydroxy 24:1 acids, and the concentration of 24:0 was extremely low. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 80% of the total. Major fatty acids of monogalactosyl glyceride were palmitic, oleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids; the highest concentration was that of palmitic acid. Ester cerebroside was separated into three subfractions mainly on the basis of the proportion of hydroxy and nonhydroxy components in the amide-linked fatty acids.

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A comparative study of gangliosides from the brains of various species

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Changes in the Ceramide Composition of Rat Forebrain Gangliosides with Age

Changes in the Ceramide Composition of Rat Forebrain Gangliosides with Age

Fatty acid and long‐chain base composition of gangliosides isolated from adult human brain

Characteristic Constituents of Glycolipids from Frog Brain and Sciatic Nerve

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