A comparative study of gram-negative aerobic bacilli in the faeces of babies born in hospital and at home

Feeney, Audrey; Cooke, E. M.; Shinebaum, R.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400026565

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Feeney, Cooke and Shinebaum (1980) reported a higher incidence of resistant flora, including Klebsiella species, in bottle-fed than in breast-fed children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Faecal carriage of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and drug resistance of Escherichia coli in different age-groups in dutch urban communities

Degener¹,

Smit²,

Michel³

et al. 1983

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. Faecal carriage rates for aerobic gram-negative bacilli and for antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were determined in samples of the Dutch urban population. Of the 741 people studied, 64 were under 1 year old (infants), 53 were 1-5 years old, and there were approximately 200 in each of the age-ranges 6-1 7 years, 18-49 years and 5&80 years. Carriage rates of E. coli were similar (87-93%) in all age groups, but Klebsiella and Enterobacter species were found more often in specimens from infants and young children than in those from older people. E. coli strains resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, or sulphamethoxazole or to any one or more of them were detected in 42%, 26%, 46% and 66% respectively of the specimens found to contain E. coli. The corresponding figures for the finding of E. coli populations that were predominantly resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin or sulphamethoxazole were 12%, 6% and 20%. The frequency of resistance to any of these drugs was not related to age or sex of the subjects. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. Among the 577 subjects aged 6-80 years from whose samples E. coli was isolated were 19 who had taken antibacterial drugs in the previous 30 days and 11 who were involved in cattle farming; carriage rates for te trac ycline-resi s tan t and sulp honamide-resis tan t E. coli were significantly higher among these 30 than in the other 547.

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“…Feeney, Cooke and Shinebaum (1980) reported a higher incidence of resistant flora, including Klebsiella species, in bottle-fed than in breast-fed children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Faecal carriage of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and drug resistance of Escherichia coli in different age-groups in dutch urban communities

Degener¹,

Smit²,

Michel³

et al. 1983

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…In the 1970s, at least 70% of infants born in Western countries acquired E. coli during their first week of life (1,2). Strains spread in the hospital milieu contributed significantly to colonization (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1970s, E. coli usually appeared in the baby's feces a few days after birth (1,2), as a sign of its establishment in the intestinal microflora (3,4). E. coli colonizing the newborn infant may originate in the maternal fecal flora (5), but E. coli strains are also commonly spread at maternity wards via the nursing staff, especially during periods of high bed-occupancy and staff workload (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli in Infants' Intestinal Microflora: Colonization Rate, Strain Turnover, and Virulence Gene Carriage

et al. 2003

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Colonization by Escherichia. coli in infants might have decreased in the last decades, owing to changes in hospital routines and family lifestyle. In this study, the E. coli flora was characterized in 70 healthy Swedish infants followed for the first year of life. E. coli was isolated from rectal swabs obtained at 3 d of age and quantified in fecal samples collected at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk of age and at 6 and 12 mo of age. Strains were typed using random amplified polymorphic DNA, and their virulence factor genes were identified by multiplex PCR. Colonization by E. coli occurred late; only 61% of the infants were positive by 2 mo of age. The turnover of individual strains in the microflora was slow (1.5 strains per infant during 6 mo, 2.1 during 1 y). Environmental factors, such as siblings, pets, or feeding mode, did not influence colonization kinetics or strain turnover rate. Genes encoding type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, and hemolysin were significantly more common in E. coli strains persisting for at least 3 wk in the microflora than in transient strains. The P-fimbrial class III adhesin gene was more common in E. coli from children who had a cat in their homes than in E. coli from children without pets (p ϭ 0.01); this adhesin type is common in E. coli from cats. The late colonization and low E. coli strain turnover rate suggest limited exposure of Swedish infants to E. coli. Our results confirm that P fimbriae and other virulence factors facilitate persistence of E. coli in the human colonic microflora. Escherichia coli is one of the first bacterial species to colonize the infant's intestines. In the 1970s, E. coli usually appeared in the baby's feces a few days after birth (1, 2), as a sign of its establishment in the intestinal microflora (3, 4). E. coli colonizing the newborn infant may originate in the maternal fecal flora (5), but E. coli strains are also commonly spread at maternity wards via the nursing staff, especially during periods of high bed-occupancy and staff workload (6). We have recently reported that Staphylococcus aureus has become a major colonizer of the infant gut (7), which may be a sign of reduced competition from other microbes. E. coli and other fecal bacteria might be less easily spread today, because of increased hygiene in hospitals and families.Some E. coli strains persist in the intestinal microflora of an individual for months or years (resident strains), whereas others (transient strains) disappear within a few weeks (8). Resident E. coli strains display certain characteristics that enable them to persist in the intestinal microflora, e.g. the expression of P fimbriae and capacity to adhere to colonic epithelial cells (9 -12). P fimbriae are composed of a fimbrial rod with a tip adhesin that exists in three varieties, termed papG classes I, II, and III. These recognize the Gal␣134Gal␤ disaccharide, with slight differences in binding specificity (13). The class II variety of the papG adhesin is common among E. coli causing pyelonephritis (14), whereas the class III variety is comm...

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“…In all cases P. aeruginosa had cleared from the neonatal gastrointestinal tract within 5 weeks and was not associated with systemic P. aeruginosa infection. In other studies, carriage rates of Pseudomonas as high as 56% have been reported in the stools of neonates (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Pseudomonas Septicemia and Vasculitis in a Premature Infant

Hughes¹,

Newbould²,

Vivier³

et al. 1998

Pediatric Dermatology

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A characteristic vasculitis is an uncommon but wellrecognized complication of severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the neonate. Although it is one of the most common gram-negative organisms responsible for overall nosocomial infection, it is a rare cause of intrauterine or intrapartum infection of the newborn. We describe a fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection occurring in a very premature infant with widespread skin necrosis. Although this organism is relatively uncommon in the neonate, premature infants are at increased risk of infection, with a significant associated mortality. Early recognition and treatment are therefore very important. CASE REPORTA male infant was born in our unit prematurely at 23 weeks and 3 days of gestation and weighed 652 g. The mother is a 38-year-old Nigerian with known sickle cell trait. She was noted to be rubella immune and hepatitis B and VDRL negative. Her past obstetric history included

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A comparative study of gram-negative aerobic bacilli in the faeces of babies born in hospital and at home

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Faecal carriage of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and drug resistance of Escherichia coli in different age-groups in dutch urban communities

Faecal carriage of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and drug resistance of Escherichia coli in different age-groups in dutch urban communities

Escherichia coli in Infants' Intestinal Microflora: Colonization Rate, Strain Turnover, and Virulence Gene Carriage

Fatal Pseudomonas Septicemia and Vasculitis in a Premature Infant

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