A comparative study of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue in calf and chicken

Yasuda, Masahiro; Tanaka, Shogo; Arima, Hiroshi; Taura, Yasuho; Yokomizo, Yuichi; Ekino, Shigeo

doi:10.1002/ar.10062

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The role of the Peyer's patches [38,57,58] and the mesenteric lymph nodes as inductive sites for mucosal immune responses is well established and will not be discussed much further in this review. Similarly, it is of interest that the single continuous ileal Peyer's patch differs in structure from the jejunal Peyer's patches in many domestic species such as sheep [23,41,43], cattle [57,58], pigs [2,3,8], dogs [29] and buffalo [1] and may act as a primary lymphoid organ involved in the generation of a B cell repertoire, as does the chicken bursa of Fabricius [2,42].…”

Section: Organised Lymphoid Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

Bailey

Haverson²

2006

Vet. Res.

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-The mucosal immune system is exposed to a range of antigens associated with pathogens, to which it must mount active immune responses. However, it is also exposed to a large number of harmless antigens associated with food and with commensal microbial flora, to which expression of active, inflammatory immune responses to these antigens is undesirable. The mucosal immune system must contain machinery capable of evaluating the antigens to which it is exposed and mounting appropriate effector or regulatory responses. Since the immune system is likely to have evolved initially in mucosal tissues, the requirement to prevent damaging allergic responses must be at least as old as the adaptive immune system, and studies of the mechanisms should include a range of non-mammalian species. Despite the importance for rational design of vaccines and for control of allergic reactions, the mechanisms involved are still largely unclear. It is not clear that the classical experimental protocol of "oral tolerance" is, in fact, measuring a biologically important phenomenon, nor is it clear whether tolerance is regulated in the evolutionarily recent organised lymphoid tissue (the lymph nodes) or the more ancient, diffuse architecture in the intestine. The capacity of the immune system to discriminate between "dangerous" and "harmless" antigens appears to develop with age and exposure to microbial flora. Thus, the ability of an individual or a group of animals to correctly regulate mucosal immune responses will depend on age, genetics and on their microbial environment and history. Attempts to manipulate the mucosal immune system towards active immune responses by oral vaccines, or towards oral tolerance, are likely to be confounded by environmentally-induced variability between individuals and between groups of animals.

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Section: Organised Lymphoid Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

Bailey

Haverson²

2006

Vet. Res.

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“…These organs consist of large interfollicular T-cell areas and dispersed follicular B-cell areas. In addition, many helper T-cell, IgG + cells and IgA + cells were found in these secondary lymphoid organs [9,12]. In the chicken bursal dorsal wall connected bursal duct, the existence of diffusely infiltrated lymphoid tissue called T-dependent area is previously described [2,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Histologically, densely packed lymphatic follicle and the very few number of T-cell are distributed in the follicle of both primary lymphoid organ [3,9,12]. It has been also reported that secondary lymphoid organ such as calf jejunal PP and chicken caecal tonsil have the functions for local mucosal immunity [1,4,11,12]. These organs consist of large interfollicular T-cell areas and dispersed follicular B-cell areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the proximal end of calf ileal PP and Tdependent area of chicken bursa might be similar histological characteristics as secondary lymphoid tissues located in primary lymphoid organ. At around 1-month old calf, the migration of many helper T-cell and Ig class switching appear in jejunal PP follicles [9,12]. Therefore, the secondary lymphatic follicles might change their characteristics under influence of environmental antigens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Lymphoid Areas in Calf Ileal Peyer's Patch

Takanashi

Nasu

Murakami

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The secondary lymphoid tissues appear in sheep ileum after involution of ileal Peyer's patch (PP). However, the existence of the secondary lymphoid tissues before involution of ileal PP has not yet been studied. We examined morphological characteristics of the full length of calf ileal PP using gross and microscopic anatomical techniques. Most areas of ileal PP consisted of densely packed lymphatic follicles contained very few follicular T-cell and associated with only scant interfollicular areas. However, the proximal end of ileal PP consisted of widely dispersed lymphatic follicles contained many follicular T-cell and associated with large interfollicular areas. The histological architectures of the proximal end of ileal PP strongly resembled those of the secondary lymphoid tissue in calf.

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“…1 It is responsible for inducing immune response against bacteria, viral, and parasitic enteric (i.e. introduced via the digestive tract) antigens [2][3][4] as well as responses to innocuous antigens. 5 All this said: how do the bacterial populations that of a "MUST" must attach to the intestinal wall respond to certain feed additives used as suitable/probable alternatives to AGPs?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Chicken Gut Bacterial to Nutrition and Feed Additives

Ofongo

Ts²

2017

ACP

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Abbreviations: AGPs, antibiotic growth promoters; GALT, gut associated lymphoid tissues; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; E. coli, escherichia coli IntroductionThe issue of gut health in relation to gut bacterial became more evident with the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal/poultry nutrition. This ban became preeminent with the development of resistant bacteria strain getting into the food chain. This will ultimately result in bacteria related health issues for consumers of poultry product. In the poultry industry, gut health is not just an interaction between gut bacteria; nutrients provided by the diet (nutrition) and the gut itself as a digestive organ but also as an organ that provides adequate protection against pathogenic bacteria. Gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) provides protection against pathogens encountered by the gut in chicken.1 It is responsible for inducing immune response against bacteria, viral, and parasitic enteric (i.e. introduced via the digestive tract) antigens 2-4 as well as responses to innocuous antigens. 5All this said: how do the bacterial populations that of a "MUST" must attach to the intestinal wall respond to certain feed additives used as suitable/probable alternatives to AGPs? It is a known fact that gut health has a principal role in determining overall health and performance of poultry birds. Immune response based studies will indicate the bird response. However bacteria response studies do consider the principles or mode of action of these alternatives with regards to bacteria population in the gut. Also considered is bird performance in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio/feed: gain ratio and coefficient of nutrient digestibility. Nutrient digestibility is with reference to the specific nutrient in question which is most likely affected. Modes of action of these alternatives differ, results from different studies utilizing them may also differ but, the core issue of bird performance being improved is of utmost importance to the farmer. Be as it may, bacteria population are more often determined using basic culturing and biochemical method of plating specific bacteria for stipulated number of days.Although there are suitable alternatives to AGPs (Enzymes, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Acidifiers, Synbiotic products etc), however how their effect on the biodiversity of gut bacteria may be an issue of consideration. Due to lack of knowledge of appropriate culturing conditions, large number of bacteria may remain unidentified using basic culturing and biochemical techniques have resulted in the misclassification of some of these bacteria.6 Given the profound impact of gut bacteria on performance, identification of bacteria assemblages in the gut at random will be of high biological and economic importance.7-10 Considering the limitation of standard culturing methods, a study was carried out aiming to identify bacteria biodiversity amplified from the gut of broiler birds through molecular techniques using 165 bacteria DNA sequencing. In using the 165 DNA se...

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A comparative study of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue in calf and chicken

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

The postnatal development of the mucosal immune system and mucosal tolerance in domestic animals

Secondary Lymphoid Areas in Calf Ileal Peyer's Patch

Response of Chicken Gut Bacterial to Nutrition and Feed Additives

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