A Comparative Study of Intergranular Corrosion of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Chrome-Manganese Austenitic Stainless Steel

Taiwade, Ravindra V.; Patil, Awanikumar P.; Patre, S. J.; Dayal, R. K.

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.52.1879

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results in Table 1 indicate that the classifications of the structures and DoS fall within the aforementioned ranges, i.e., the DoS of the structure classified as step was Behavior of DoS as a function of sensitization time at 600, 800 and 900 °C 0.001, that of the dual structure ranged from 0.040 to 0.051, and that of the ditch structure varied from 0.055 to 0.570. A comparison of these values with data reported in the literature obtained under similar heat treatment conditions and with DL-EPR tests indicated that the values of this study were relatively higher, possibly because the carbon content of the steel used here was about twice as high 2,26,27 . In Figure 3, note that the DoS decreased in the range of 600-900 °C in response to increasing temperature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

et al. 2015

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This paper describes the feasibility of using direct current electrical resistivity measurements to evaluate AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel sensitization. ASTM A262 -Practice A and double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests were performed to assess the degree of sensitization (DoS) qualitatively and quantitatively, and electrical resistivity (ER) was measured by the four-point direct-current potential drop method. The results indicate that the DoS increases rapidly while the ER decreases gradually in response to increasing sensitization. Thereafter, the two parameters tend to remain approximately constant. This behavior may be due to the rapid increase in the volume fraction of M 23 C 6 precipitates over a sensitization time of 4 to 6 hours, thereafter remaining relatively constant. The ER results, which were corroborated by other techniques used in this study, confirm the promising potential of this property to monitor the sensitization phenomenon in AISI 304 steel.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

et al. 2015

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“…Microstructures with partially ditched grain boundaries represent dual structures while one or more grains completely surrounded by ditches are called as ditch structures. 11,17,24,25) Degree of sensitization (DOS) was obtained using DLEPR test. Solution containing of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.01 M NH4SCN (at room temperature, 27°C) was used to perform DLEPR test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sensitization phenomena, the steel is subjected to slow heating or cooling in the temperature range of 723-1 123 K [14][15][16] which extracts chromium from the grains and forms chromium carbide (Cr23C6) at grain boundaries, leaving a Cr-depleted zone extending adjacent to either side of grain boundaries. Taiwade et al 17) recently published electrochemical data on sensitization behaviour of Cr-Mn ASS. They also compared IGC behaviour and corrosion resistance of Cr-Mn steel with AISI 304 SS systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

et al. 2013

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The use of chrome-manganese stainless steels (Cr-Mn SSs) of 200-series grade has tremendously increased in past few years in various applications like construction, home accessories, office appliances, light poles etc. Their mechanical properties, weldability and corrosion/oxidation resistance provide the best all-round performance stainless steels at relatively low cost. Therefore, they serve as an appropriate alternative to 300-series stainless steels now days. Similar to 300-series steels, Cr-Mn SSs are also submitted to various fabrication practices like welding, hot rolling, cold working, solution annealing or stress relieving processes. This leads to change in their grain size due to higher operating temperature during service. The grain size has a major influence on the intergranular corrosion (IGC) developed due to sensitization phenomena. Several investigations have been made on the influence of grain size on IGC behaviour of 300-series stainless steels, but this information about Cr-Mn SS is scanty till now. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of grain growth on degree of sensitization (DOS) of Cr-Mn SS and finally concluded that the DOS decreases with increase in grain size.

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“…6, in the ASTM A262 Practice E test, micro cracks in micro fissure form were observed in the bent areas on which the bending test was conducted. It is known that the formation of these micro fissures is due to the ditch structure caused by intergranular corrosion 11) . For analyzing the causes of forming the ditch structure and micro cracks in the form of micro fissures observed in the ASTM A262 practice test, TEM analysis was performed as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Evaluation Of Solution Heat Treatment Holding Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Holding Time during Solution Heat Treatment on Intergranular Corrosion of Unstabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels

Eun-Jong

Lee

Cho

et al. 2020

Journal of Welding and Joining

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The holding time during solution heat treatment of unstabilized austenitic stainless steels as specified in the nuclear regulatory requirements was investigated. The sensitized 2.54cm thick specimens held at 675℃ for 1 h were rejected by ASTM A262 test, due to the large amount of chromium carbide precipitated in the form of 50~300nm particles at the grain boundaries. They also showed about 10.8% of DOS in the DL-EPR test. However, solution heat treatment of the sensitized specimens at 1,038℃ and 1,121℃ for at least 1 min resulted in the complete dissolution of chromium carbide into the grains, and they passed ASTM A262 test and showed less than 0.01% of DOS in the DL-EPR test. As a result of solution heat treatment at 1,038℃ for 5 h of the 25.4cm thick specimen sensitized at 675℃ for 10 h, it passed ASTM A262 and DL-EPR test at any position in the specimen thickness. While the specimen surface showed a step structure without the precipitation of chromium carbide and a DOS less than 0.01%, towards the center, a dual structure was observed. It exhibited about 0.6% of DOS due to the longer exposure time to the sensitization range of 427~816℃. Considering the minimum time in which the chromium carbide precipitated at the grain boundary at 1,038℃ was completely dissolved into the grain, and the maximum delay time for the center of the specimen to reach 1,038℃ rather than the surface, the holding time for complete solution heat treatment to the center was found to be up to 2 min per 2.54cm of material thickness. The solution heat treatment for 0.5~1.0 h per 2.54cm of material thickness at 1,038~1,121℃, which is employed in the nuclear power industry, was proven to prevent grain boundary corrosion by inhibiting the sensitization of unstabilized austenitic stainless steels.

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A Comparative Study of Intergranular Corrosion of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Chrome-Manganese Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

Use of Direct Current Resistivity Measurements to Assess AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sensitization

Effect of Grain Size on Degree of Sensitization of Chrome-Manganese Stainless Steel

Effect of the Holding Time during Solution Heat Treatment on Intergranular Corrosion of Unstabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels

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