A Comparative Study of Manic vs Schizophrenic Speech Disorganization

Hoffman, Ralph E.; Stopek, Susan; Andreasen, Nancy C.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800090017003

Cited by 160 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Using a sentence-by-sentence version of Deese's trees, Hoffman et al (1986) found impaired coherence in both mania and schizophrenia, but the specific impairments were different. In general, patients with mania seemed to be juggling more than one discourse plan at once, resulting in sudden jumps between elaborate structures.…”

Section: Coherence (Connectedness)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Schizophrenia and the structure of language: The linguist's view

Covington

Brown

et al. 2005

Schizophrenia Research

309

223

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Patients with schizophrenia often display unusual language impairments. This is a wide ranging critical review of the literature on language in schizophrenia since the 19th century. We survey schizophrenic language level by level, from phonetics through phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.There are at least two kinds of impairment (perhaps not fully distinct): thought disorder, or failure to maintain a discourse plan, and schizophasia, comprising various dysphasia-like impairments such as clanging, neologism, and unintelligible utterances.Thought disorder appears to be primarily a disruption of executive function and pragmatics, perhaps with impairment of the syntax-semantics interface; schizophasia involves disruption at other levels. Phonetics is also often abnormal (manifesting as flat intonation or unusual voice quality), but phonological structure, morphology, and syntax are normal or nearly so (some syntactic impairments have been demonstrated). Access to the lexicon is clearly impaired, manifesting as stilted speech, word approximation, and neologism. Clanging (glossomania) is straightforwardly explainable as distraction by self-monitoring.Recent research has begun to relate schizophrenia, which is partly genetic, to the genetic endowment that makes human language possible. D

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Section: Coherence (Connectedness)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Schizophrenia and the structure of language: The linguist's view

Covington

Brown

et al. 2005

Schizophrenia Research

309

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accordingly, the original topic of conversation disappears and the narrative appears fragmentized, as the patient's associations frequently change focus with no obvious logical explanation (Bleuler, 1911;Hoffman, Stopek & Andreasen, 1986). In addition to derailment, other typical speech characteristics include illogicality and neologisms, i.e.…”

Section: Disorganised Speech In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to derailment, other typical speech characteristics include illogicality and neologisms, i.e. the patient invents new words with idiosyncratic meanings (Bleuler, 1911;Hoffman et al, 1986). Morice and McNicol (1986) and Morice and Ingram (1983) found that the patients' speech showed reduced syntactic complexity, disfluency and semantically deviant utterances due to disorganisation.…”

Section: Disorganised Speech In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Bergman¹

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was studied in clinical interviews. Fifty-one video recorded interviews were conducted by two psychologists with nine patients. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in three successive studies. Study I examined the communicative interplay on an overall level, including verbal and nonverbal means of communication. The interviewer's willingness to explore and pursue the emotional content in the patient's narrative was found to be important for establishing well functioning communication. In Study II, the stability over time of facial affective expressions in the emotional interplay was evaluated, using EMFACS. For the patients, no substantial changes in the amount of affects were found across all the interview occasions, although for one interviewer, contempt slightly increased. Whereas previous findings found contempt to be the most frequent affect in patients, in the present material disgust was as common, but depended on the interviewer. Study III investigated gaze behaviour and facial affective expressiveness. The objective was to test whether patients reduced their negative facial affectivity during mutual gaze. The patients were found to not reduce their negative facial affectivity during the state of mutual gaze. This finding was independent of both interview occasion and interviewer and implies that the patients might have intended to communicate negative facial affectivity to the interviewer. The research suggests that the emotional interplay is dominated by the negative facial affective expressions of mainly disgust and contempt. It is proposed that these negative affects may be connected to a patient's low self-esteem, as the self in schizophrenia may be engrained by self-disgusting and self-contemptive affective experiences. The interviewer's capacity to respond to these negative facial expressions must therefore be considered as important.

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“…Communication deficits in individuals with schizophrenia, especially those with FTD, reflects higher order dysfunction at the discourse or sentence level rather than single word level (Hoffman, Stopek, & Andreasen, 1986), suggesting contextual aspects of language impairment are important for understanding communication difficulties in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal Initiation, Suppression, and Strategy Use and the Relationship with Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Martin

Gibson

Mowry

et al. 2016

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives: Individuals with schizophrenia have difficulties on measures of executive functioning such as initiation and suppression of responses and strategy development and implementation. The current study thoroughly examines performance on the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT) in individuals with schizophrenia, introducing novel analyses based on initiation errors and strategy use, and association with lifetime clinical symptoms. Methods: The HSCT was administered to individuals with schizophrenia (N = 77) and age-and sex-matched healthy controls (N = 45), along with background cognitive tests. The standard HSCT clinical measures (initiation response time, suppression response time, suppression errors), composite initiation and suppression error scores, and strategy-based responses were calculated. Lifetime clinical symptoms [formal thought disorder (FTD), positive, negative] were calculated using the Lifetime Dimensions of Psychosis Scale. Results: After controlling for baseline cognitive differences, individuals with schizophrenia were significantly impaired on the suppression response time and suppression error scales. For the novel analyses, individuals with schizophrenia produced a greater number of initiation errors and subtly wrong errors, and produced fewer responses indicative of developing an appropriate strategy. Strategy use was negatively correlated with FTD symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusions: The current study provides further evidence for deficits in the initiation and suppression of verbal responses in individuals with schizophrenia. Moreover, an inability to attain a strategy at least partly contributes to increased semantically connected errors when attempting to suppress responses. The association between strategy use and FTD points to the involvement of executive deficits in disorganized speech in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2016, 22, 735-743)

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A Comparative Study of Manic vs Schizophrenic Speech Disorganization

Cited by 160 publications

References 19 publications

Schizophrenia and the structure of language: The linguist's view

Schizophrenia and the structure of language: The linguist's view

Emotional interplay and communication with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Verbal Initiation, Suppression, and Strategy Use and the Relationship with Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia

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