A Comparative Study of Morphology, Photosynthetic Physiology, and Proteome between Diploid and Tetraploid Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

Feng, Zhanyuan; Bi, Zhubai; Fu, Dugong; Feng, Lihan; Min, Dangxuan; Bi, Chensong; Huang, He

doi:10.3390/bioengineering9120746

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The utilization of polyploidy in watermelon has a long history, primarily focused on generating seedless fruits. Some researchers worked on polyploid watermelon, but their research was predominantly focused on flower and fruit anatomy in diploid and tetraploid watermelon cultivars, as explored in studies by Khan et al [27], Zhang et al [28], Jaskani et al [29], and Feng et al [30]. However, the broader benefits of polyploidization, especially concerning plant architecture in watermelon, have been largely overlooked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Mahmud,

Zhu,

Kaseb

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Plant architecture includes traits such as plant height, stem diameter, and branching pattern, which have significant impacts on yield and fruit quality. Polyploidization can bring changes in plant architectural traits in different crops along with other agronomic and biochemical attributes; however, the specific physiological and biochemical mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we utilized five watermelon lines: ‘91E7’, ‘Zhengzhou No. 3’, ‘Fanzu No. 1’, ‘Shenlong’, and ‘Houlv’, along with their corresponding autopolyploid derivatives (diploid, autotriploid, and autotetraploid) to compare plant architecture differences in different polyploidy watermelon plants. The results showed that the growth habits of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid watermelon plants were noticeably different. Triploid and tetraploid watermelon plants had greater stem diameters and larger leaf sizes. The leaf angle was also larger in polyploid watermelons than in their diploid ancestor lines. Although vine length was significantly higher in diploid watermelon, there was no significant difference in node number, indicating that the short vine length was due to the short internodal length. The major differences between diploid and polyploid watermelon plants were found in the branching pattern, as diploid watermelon lines have more branching compared to their polyploid sister lines. Furthermore, we examined the phytohormone content of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid ‘Fanzu No. 1’. The reasons for the selection of this material are its robust growth and profuse branching habit, which cause visible differences among the ploidy levels. Hormone analysis showed distinct variations in abscisic acid in the nodal and stem regions, gibberellin in the auxiliary bud regions, and brassinosteroids in the apical meristematic regions. The correlation coefficient also strongly correlated these hormones with architecture-related traits. Our findings indicated that gibberellin, ABA, and brassinosteroids might be associated with variations in plant architectural traits like branching, vine length, internodal length, stem thickness, and leaf angle among different ploidy levels of watermelon. The exogenous application of GA3 showed a positive effect on branching, whereas ABA showed a negative effect on branching. The application of brassinosteroid at the apical meristem demonstrated its effect on leaf angle, leaf size, and internodal length. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference and valuable insights into the link between plant architecture and ploidy levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Mahmud,

Zhu,

Kaseb

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Effects of ploidy level on leaf morphology, stomata, and anatomical structure of Hibiscus syriacus L.

Zhang,

Cheng,

Xiao

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Hibiscus syriacus L. is a deciduous shrub with a strong environmental resistance and wide application prospects. The genetic background and ploidy levels of Hibiscus cultivars are complex, and polyploid breeding has long been an important method for developing new Hibiscus cultivars. However, the relationship of ploidy levels with leaf morphology, stomatal characteristics, and leaf anatomy remains unclear. Results This study analyzed three ploidy levels (triploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid) of Hibiscus syriacus . Flow cytometry confirmed the ploidy levels, and morphological traits were evaluated. Leaf length, leaf width, and petiole length decreased with increasing ploidy. Stomatal length, stomatal width, guard cell length, and guard cell width increased and stomatal number and density decreased with increasing ploidy. The hexaploids exhibited the highest midrib diameter and palisade tissue thickness values. Correlation analyses revealed that stomatal morphology served as a reliable marker for determining ploidy levels. Conclusion This study highlights the impact of varying ploidy levels on the leaf and stomatal morphologies and leaf anatomy of Hibiscus syriacus . These findings can provide theoretical guidance for improving Hibiscus cultivars in terms of stress resistance, adaptability, and ornamental traits, and for developing new cultivars with enhanced characteristics. Future research should focus on utilizing these morphological markers to optimize breeding strategies for Hibiscus cultivars.

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Bioavailability of Citrulline in Watermelon Flesh, Rind, and Skin Using a Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cell Model

Balogun

Brownmiller

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Watermelon produces many byproducts (watermelon rind and skin) even though those components contain various bioactive compounds, including citrulline. This study evaluated the citrulline concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) of different parts of watermelon and investigated the bioavailability of citrulline from different parts of watermelon using an in vitro human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Solid-phase extracted watermelon flesh, rind, and skin samples were treated on a Caco-2 cell monolayer for 1, 2, and 4 h. The collected basolateral solution at each time point was analyzed for the percentage of citrulline transport. Watermelon flesh had the highest citrulline content, but the watermelon skin had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to other watermelon parts. The citrulline bioavailability showed greater % transport in watermelon skin than in watermelon flesh, rind, and L-citrulline standard. It may be due to the different food matrices of watermelon parts. This suggests that the utilization of watermelon by-products such as skin would help develop value-added products with better bioavailability of citrulline. However, since this study was conducted with an in vitro cell model, more extensive research with in vivo studies will be needed.

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A Comparative Study of Morphology, Photosynthetic Physiology, and Proteome between Diploid and Tetraploid Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Polyploidization Impact on Plant Architecture of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Effects of ploidy level on leaf morphology, stomata, and anatomical structure of Hibiscus syriacus L.

Bioavailability of Citrulline in Watermelon Flesh, Rind, and Skin Using a Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cell Model

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