A Comparative Study of Political Communication in Televised Pre-Election Debates in Poland and the United States of America

Hinton, Martin; Budzyńska-Daca, Agnieszka

doi:10.2478/rela-2019-0002

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A similar problem to ethos elements is often mentioned with respect to the even more central distinction in rhetoric of logos-ethos-pathos (cf. Hinton and Budzyńska-Daca 2019). For example, in ad verecundiam argument a speaker aims to invoke an emotion of shame in the audience/ opponent (pathos) by appealing to an authority (ethos) who claims something contrary to what the audience/opponent claims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements

et al. 2022

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In their book Commitment in Dialogue, Walton and Krabbe claim that formal dialogue systems for conversational argumentation are “not very realistic and not easy to apply”. This difficulty may make argumentation theory less well adapted to be employed to describe or analyse actual argumentation practice. On the other hand, the empirical study of real-life arguments may miss or ignore insights of more than the two millennia of the development of philosophy of language, rhetoric, and argumentation theory. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for adapting such theories to serve as applicable tools in the study of argumentation phenomena. Our approach is both theoretically-informed and empirically-grounded in large-scale corpus analysis. The area of interest are appeals to ethos, the character of the speaker, building upon Aristotle’s rhetoric. Ethotic techniques are used to influence the hearers through the communication, where speakers might establish, but also emphasise, weaken or undermine their own or others’ credibility and trustworthiness. Specifically, we apply our method to Aristotelian theory of ethos elements which identifies practical wisdom, moral virtue and goodwill as components of speakers’ character, which can be supported or attacked. The challenges we identified in this case and the solutions we proposed allow us to formulate general guidelines of how to exploit rich theoretical frameworks to the analysis of the practice of language use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements

et al. 2022

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“…The primary purpose of political speeches, which are part of pre-election political campaigns, is to convince the public to vote for a given politician or a political option represented by her (Hinton and Budzyńska-Daca, 2019). Therefore, in the construction of our annotation scheme we follow the assumption of practical reasoning being present in politicians' arguments.…”

Section: Annotation Of Pathotic Argument Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathos in Natural Language Argumentation: Emotional Appeals and Reactions

Konat,

Gajewska,

Rossa

2024

Argumentation

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In this paper, we present a model of pathos, delineate its operationalisation, and demonstrate its utility through an analysis of natural language argumentation. We understand pathos as an interactional persuasive process in which speakers are performing pathos appeals and the audience experiences emotional reactions. We analyse two strategies of such appeals in pre-election debates: pathotic Argument Schemes based on the taxonomy proposed by Walton et al. (Argumentation schemes, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008), and emotion-eliciting language based on psychological lexicons of emotive words (Wierzba in Behav Res Methods 54:2146–2161, 2021). In order to match the appeals with possible reactions, we collect real-time social media reactions to the debates and apply sentiment analysis (Alswaidan and Menai in Knowl Inf Syst 62:2937–2987, 2020) method to observe emotion expressed in language. The results point to the importance of pathos analysis in modern discourse: speakers in political debates refer to emotions in most of their arguments, and the audience in social media reacts to those appeals using emotion-expressing language. Our results show that pathos is a common strategy in natural language argumentation which can be analysed with the support of computational methods.

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Sonority and Place Constraints in Phonotactics: Evidence from Reaction Time Experiments

Orzechowska

2019

Complexity in Polish Phonotactics

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A Comparative Study of Political Communication in Televised Pre-Election Debates in Poland and the United States of America

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements

From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements

Pathos in Natural Language Argumentation: Emotional Appeals and Reactions

Sonority and Place Constraints in Phonotactics: Evidence from Reaction Time Experiments

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