A comparative study of porous limestones treated with silicon-based strengthening agents

Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P.; Kallithrakas‐Kontos, N.; Agioutantis, Z.; Maurigiannakis, S.; Korakaki, D.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.09.020

Cited by 82 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These materials most often are obtained from acrylic, fluorinated, and silicon-based monomers. Among them, polysiloxanes, and their precursors, the silanes, have been frequently used [6][7][8][9][10] and have also recently been proposed as nano-composites by introducing nano-particles of inorganic oxides into hybrid siloxane or silicone polymers [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances and Coating Morphology of a Siloxane-Based Hydrophobic Product Applied in Different Concentrations on a Highly Porous Stone

Lettieri

Masieri

2016

Coatings

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Many polymers, able to confer a hydrophobicity to treated surfaces, have been proposed for the restoration and conservation of civil and monumental buildings. Polysiloxanes, and their precursors, the silanes, have been frequently employed for stone protection. To avoid decay of the treated surfaces, the effectiveness and harmlessness of the treatment need to be carefully evaluated before application in the field. In this study, a commercial alkyl-siloxane was tested as a protective treatment on a highly porous stone, starting from water solutions with different contents of the product. The treatments have been devised to try to balance the requirements and the sustainability of the conservative actions. Sustainability, in terms of costs and environmental impact, is regarded as a key factor in the 21st century. Morphological observations of the stone surface, static contact angle and colour measurements, water vapour transmission test, and tests of water absorption were carried out to characterize the untreated and treated stones. A concentration below the minimum level suggested by the manufacturer was still able to act as a good barrier against water. More concentrated solutions produced polymer accumulation and coatings with extended cracks. The properties of the treated stone were affected by the presence of cracks in the coating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances and Coating Morphology of a Siloxane-Based Hydrophobic Product Applied in Different Concentrations on a Highly Porous Stone

Lettieri

Masieri

2016

Coatings

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“…Stone consolidation, however, needs careful designing and preliminary testing, as it is basically an irreversible intervention in most of the cases [1][2][3][4]. Moreover, consolidation might even result in an acceleration of materials decay [5,6], if unsuitable materials or treatment conditions are selected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consolidation of porous carbonate stones by an innovative phosphate treatment: mechanical strengthening and physical-microstructural compatibility in comparison with TEOS-based treatments

2015

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For preservation of stones used in Cultural Heritage, affected by weathering processes that threaten their cohesion and mechanical properties, the application of consolidants is a common practice. However, available consolidating products generally exhibit some drawbacks that hinder their performance, in terms of either mechanical efficacy, compatibility with the substrate and/or durability. Ethyl silicate is currently the most widely used among stone consolidants; nevertheless, its reduced efficacy on calcitic substrates, together with its temporary hydrophobicity, its tendency to crack and its common formulation with volatile organic solvent, make the research for alternative consolidants for carbonate stones necessary. In this paper, a recently proposed new consolidation treatment based on the formation of hydroxyapatite inside the stone was tested on two different porous carbonate stones (Globigerina Limestone and Giallo Terra di Siena), and compared with TEOS-based treatments, frequently used for the consolidation of these lithotypes. The results show that the hydroxyapatite treatment exhibits a good efficacy in terms of mechanical properties and, compared to TEOS, it causes less pronounced alterations in open porosity and water transport properties. This makes the new treatment a potentially valid alternative to TEOS, especially in those situations where the possible presence of water behind the consolidated layer (e.g. in case of rising damp, condensation or infiltration) might threaten the durability of the consolidation intervention.

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“…The pore size distribution controls the migration of substances and hence the absorption of consolidants (Clifton 1980;Cnudde et al 2004;Ferreira Pinto and Delgado Rodrigues 2008;Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al 2008;López-Arce et al 2010). It also has impact on bioconsolidation treatments (De Muynck et al 2011).…”

Section: Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

Alves

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

2015

Environ Chem Lett

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Materials in the built environment are exposed to several agents that promote alteration processes resulting in features that might be considered detrimental of its value. There are diverse possible intervention measures that might, however, have unwanted side effects. Here are reviewed the main issues related to the struggle against these alteration processes, from the consideration of the intervention criteria to strategic considerations on the organisation of the intervention that must include temporal and spatial features of alteration processes, as well as possible interventions on the surroundings of the materials and in the materials, including its replacement. The longterm effectiveness of these interventions is linked with the global strategy namely in relation to the conditions that promote alteration processes. Some sustainability questions related to the intervention operations are also considered such as the use of toxic substances and the consumption of resources.

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A comparative study of porous limestones treated with silicon-based strengthening agents

Cited by 82 publications

References 18 publications

Performances and Coating Morphology of a Siloxane-Based Hydrophobic Product Applied in Different Concentrations on a Highly Porous Stone

Performances and Coating Morphology of a Siloxane-Based Hydrophobic Product Applied in Different Concentrations on a Highly Porous Stone

Consolidation of porous carbonate stones by an innovative phosphate treatment: mechanical strengthening and physical-microstructural compatibility in comparison with TEOS-based treatments

Conservation of stony materials in the built environment

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