A comparative study of pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation and central venous pressure in patients undergoing kidney transplantation

Abstract

Introduction: Optimal intraoperative fluid management guided by central venous pressure (CVP), a traditional intravascular volume status indicator, has improved transplanted graft function during kidney transplantation (KT). Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) – dynamic preload indexes – are robust predictors of fluid responsiveness. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of PPV and CVP against SVV in predicting fluid responsiveness in terms of cost-effectiveness after a standardised empiric volume challenge in KT patients. Methods: 36 patients undergoing living-donor KT were analysed. PPV, SVV, CVP and cardiac index (CI) were measured before and after fluid loading with a hydroxyethyl starch solution (7 mL/kg of ideal body weight). Patients were classified as responders (n = 12) or non-responders (n = 24) to fluid loading when CI increases were ≥ 10% or < 10%, respectively. The ability of PPV, SVV and CVP to predict fluid responsiveness was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: SVV and CVP measured before fluid loading were correlated with changes in CI caused by fluid expansion (ρ = 0.33, p = 0.049 and ρ = −0.37, p = 0.026) in contrast to PPV (ρ = 0.14, p = 0.429). The ROC analysis showed that SVV and CVP predicted response to volume loading (area under the ROC curve = 0.781 and 0.727, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions of our study, SVV and CVP exhibited similar performance in predicting fluid responsiveness and could inform fluid management during KT as compared with PPV.