A comparative study of seven instruments in shaping the root canal in vitro

Methods for measurement of root canal curvature: a systematic and critical review

“…In fact, when using different endodontic instruments in shaping root canals ex vivo, curvature characteristics have an effect on transportation (Nagy et al 1997a,b, Dobo-Nagy et al 2002, Uroz-Torres et al 2009), as well as on the cycles to failure of nickel-titanium rotary files (Pruett et al 1997) and subsequent fracture (Jardine & Gulabivala 2000).…”

The capability of two hand instrumentation techniques to remove the inner layer of dentine in oval canals

“…In infected root canals, the inner layer of dentine may contain microorganisms (Peters et al. 2001).…”

“…However, in many cases bacteria have penetrated deeply into the dentine (Armitage et al. 1983, Ando & Hoshino 1990, Peters et al. 2001), making it difficult to completely remove them from the dentinal tubules using instruments.…”

Does the first file to bind correspond to the diameter of the canal in the apical region?

“…Another purpose of this approach is to create an apical stop (apical matrix) that was supposed to facilitate reduced leakage and material extrusion. On the other hand, taking successively larger files to the same length in a curved root canal can predispose to apical lacerations or ledging (Tang & Stock 1989, Briseno & Sonnabend 1991, Nagy et al . 1997, Buchanan 2000).…”