A comparative study of the primate femur by means of the stresscoat and the split‐line techniques

Evans, F. Gaynor; Goff, C. W.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330150112

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a paper by Evans and Charles (1957) dealing with stress-coat technique, the so-called splitline method was used. According to Evans and King (1961) spongy bone shows a poor resistance to load, but has good energy-absorbing capacity. Jakobsson (1954) carried out photo-elastic model tests where stress-distribution in normal and dysplastic hip-joints were studied.…”

Section: Stress and Strain In Upper Femurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forces Acting on the Femoral Head-Prosthesis: A Study on Strain Gauge Supplied Prostheses in Living Persons

Rydell¹

1966

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

232

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Section: Stress and Strain In Upper Femurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forces Acting on the Femoral Head-Prosthesis: A Study on Strain Gauge Supplied Prostheses in Living Persons

Rydell¹

1966

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

232

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“…Evans and Goff (1957) found similarities in strain pattern using Stresscoat techniques. These data indicate that similarities in habitual loading patterns may override the effects of specific differences in locomotor behavior in the adaptation of bone to sustain loads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…There are marked similarities in usage of the lower extremity in macaques and humans which may help account for the observed similarities in tissue distribution. In both, the lower extremity is the primary weight bearing organ and is primarily adapted to propel the body forward (Kimura et al, 1979b) and to support vertical loads during either locomotor or support phases (Evans and Goff, 1957). Force plate data collected by Kimura and his co-workers (Kimura et al, 1979a,b) show that the propelling peak component of force and the maximum vertical component of force are larger in the hindlimb than the forelimb of quadrupedal primates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural strength of the macaque femur

Burr

Piotrowski

Miller

1981

American J Phys Anthropol

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New techniques in bone mechanics, and the demonstration that locomotor function can be interpreted based on patterns of structural strength delineated by these new techniques, lay the foundation for analyses of structural strength in nonhuman primate long bones. The present paper details topographic variability in structural strength of the femoral diaphysis of Macaca as a basis for further quantifying form-function interactions in pronograde primates. The femoral diaphyses of 42 macaques were serially sectioned. These sections were digitized, and coordinate points were submitted to the SCADS computerized stress analysis program. This analysis indicated that the femoral diaphysis of Macaca is better adapted proximally than distally to resist axial loads. The proximal third of the femur is better able to resist bending loads in the posterolateral/anteromedial direction than in the standard planes. The distal femur is geometrically well suited to resist high bending loads, particularly in the mediolateral plane. The elliptical construction of the distal femur is designed to resist high torsional loads as well. When compared with density data on the macaque femoral diaphysis, these data indicate extremely high rigidity in the mediolateral plane. The inverse relationship between density and structural rigidity distally indicates the presence of compensatory mechanisms between structural strength, geometry, and density. Similarities in femoral mechanics in macaques and humans suggest uniformity of stress patterns of the lower extremity locomotion.

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“…Another technique, stress coating a bone with brittle lacquer which cracks along lines of tension when the bone is loaded externally under simulated conditions, provides similar information (e.g., Kuntscher, 1934;Gurdjian and Lissner, 1945;Evans and Goff, 1957). Plastic models have also been used to study in vitro stress distributions in bones (e.g., Milch, 1940;Pauwels, 1951;Standlee et al, 1981).…”

Section: Wolffs Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Debate concerning the significance of the split-line technique for bone mechanics has drawn even more attention than the trajectorial theory (e.g., Benninghoff, 1925;Dowjallo, 1932;Seipel, 1948;Moss, 1954;Evans and Goff, 1957;Tappen, 1964;Endo, 1965;Buckland-Wright, 1977). In vitro strain gauge analysis in human crania under simulated muscular loads suggested that lines of maximum tension corresponded to split-lines in certain areas of the face but not in others (Endo, 1965(Endo, , 1973.…”

Section: New Approaches To Old Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques to problems of skeletal adaptations

Bouvier¹

1985

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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The shape of a bone and its microscopic structure have long been viewed as influenced by genetic and functional factors. Two functional factors of particular significance for the skeleton, weight-bearing and muscle action, affect bone by deforming it slightly. Until recently, it was possible only to hypothesize about normal patterns of deformation (or strain) on bone and how changes in functional factors might influence these strain patterns.With the advent of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques, it is possible to directly observe both normal and abnormal patterns of bone strain. Accumulating evidence from observations of a variety of bone strain patterns has contributed greatly to our understanding of relevant parameters for skeletal adaptations. Among strain parameters currently under investigation are peak bone strains, strain rates, number of strain cycles, and bone strain distributions.Results of in vivo bone strain studies have shown that all of the above parameters most likely exert some influence on bone. For example, strain distribution and/or peak strain may be a critical osteogenic signal, while number of strain cycles may provide a critical remodeling stimulus. In addition, some popular concepts of skeletal adaptations to mechanical stresses are currently being challenged. For example, the idea that bone represents a minimum amount of material arranged with maximum efficiency may no longer be tenable since, in some cases, bones seem to be arranged in a fashion that tends to increase rather than decrease bone strain levels.Recognition of local mechanical conditions as a factor in bone growth and remodeling dates back at least to Galileo, who believed that bone form was closely related to its mechanical role in supporting the body (Evans, 1957). Major theoretical advances on the relationship between mechanical stress and bone form, however, did not occur until the 19th century. For example, during the mid-1800s it was suggested that the trabecular arrangement of cancellous bone was ideally suited to withstand compressive and tensile forces (Murray, 1936). This theory, called the trajectorial theory of bone architecture, met with some resistance in the scientific community, particularly from Triepel(1904), who strenuously objected on the following bases: (1) bone trabeculae do not intersect at right angles as in Fairbairn cranes; (2) bone, unlike metal, is not a homogeneous material; and (3) stresses in living bones are extremely complex and had been inadequately represented by proponents of the trajectorial theory.In spite of opposition, this theory held great appeal for bone biologists of the period (e.g., Gebhardt, 1905; Benninghoff, 1925). At this time, the trajectorial theory was extended to include the internal architecture of bone with the course of osteons believed to represent continuation of stress trajectories into cortical bone. A new technique, called split-lines, was developed to demonstrate these internal trajecto-0 1985 Alan R. Liss, Inc.

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A comparative study of the primate femur by means of the stresscoat and the split‐line techniques

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Forces Acting on the Femoral Head-Prosthesis: A Study on Strain Gauge Supplied Prostheses in Living Persons

Forces Acting on the Femoral Head-Prosthesis: A Study on Strain Gauge Supplied Prostheses in Living Persons

Structural strength of the macaque femur

Application of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques to problems of skeletal adaptations

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