A Comparative Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Copper Sulpate versus Common Salt (Sodium Chloride) in the Treatment of Infantile Umbilical Granuloma

Table Salt is An Alternative to Silver Nitrate Cautery for the Treatment of Umbilical Granuloma: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

“…It has not been reported that spontaneously be resolved of UG, which is a commonly seen pathological entity at pediatric surgery outpatient clinics (Hossain et al, 2010;Saleh 2016). It has been reported that it may lead to serious and life-threatening complications, such as omphalitis, sepsis or necrotizing fasciitis when it is left untreated (Fiaz et al, 2017). In populations with limited access to medical care www.iiste.org and resource poor setting, in order to prevent mortality and morbidity, it is very important to be treated with a reliable, easily accessible and cheap agent by families at home It was reported by Schmitt in 1972 that table salt could be used for the treatment of umbilical granuloma.…”

“…This leads to the shrinkage and eventual necrosis of the granuloma (Hossain et al, 2010;Saleh 2016). Some studies reported that recovery rate of 55%-80% applying table salt twice a day for a period of three days (Annapurna et al, 2015;Fiaz et al, 2017) while other studies reported a 96 %-100% recovery rate after treatment with table salt twice a day for a period of five days (Badebarin et al, 2018;Saleh 2016;Marzban 2008). Hossain et al conducted a study on 48 infants, applying table salt twice a day for a period of three weeks and reported a recovery rate of 91.7%.…”

“…In our study results may be suggested that as the duration of treatment with table salt is prolonged, the rate of recovery is improved. The most popular treatment modalities for the treatment of UG is topical silver nitrate (Dhungel et al, 2008;Fiaz et al, 2017;Nagar 2001;Ogowa 2018;Sheth et al, 1990). Silver nitrate has antiseptic, shrinking, and caustic features depending on the concentration and duration of application.…”

“…Umbilical granuloma (UG) is the most common benign umbilical pathology in infants (Badebarin et al, 2018;Dhungel et al, 2008). The emergent granulation tissue after the separation of the umbilical cord may turn into a granuloma due to an insufficient epithelization of the umbilical ring (Annapurna et al, 2015;Hossain et al, 2010;Fiaz et al, 2017;Saleh 2016;Pomeranz A 2004). Cauterization with silver nitrate or copper sulfate, electrocauterization, cryotherapy, double ligature, surgical excision, topical administration of table salt, antibiotics, steroids and the application of absorbable hemostatic material are the treatment options for UG (Fiaz et al, 2017;Saleh 2016;Pomeranz A 2004;Nagar 2001;Ogowa 2018).…”

“…Copper sulfate is not easily available, high costs and needs to be applied at the hospital. Furthermore, burns in the skin have been reported after this treatment modality (Dhungel et al, 2008;Annapurna et al,2015;Hossain et al, 2010;Fiaz et al, 2017). Although local steroid treatment is recommended for UG treatment, it is not recommended for routine use in the treatment of UG because of their local and systemic side effects (Brodsgaard et al, 2015;Aydın et al, 2015).…”