A comparative study of the composition of triacylglycerol molecular species in equine and human milks

Abstract

The composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is a very useful parameter to understand several properties of creams and anhydrous milk fat products such as nutritional value, technological applications, and textural properties. In this paper, the molecular species of TAGs of equine milk were identified using a combination of nonaqueous reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and high temperature gas chromatography and were then compared to the TAGs composition of human milk. The data showed that equine milk contained a complex mixture of different TAGs molecular species resulting from the widest range of its fatty acids as compared to human milk. In particular, the largest differences in TAGs composition between equine and human milk concerned TAGs containing medium-chain fatty acids; for C 8 ,C 10 ,a n dC 12 . In terms of carbon number (CN), TAGs with CN36-CN46 were the most abundant in equine milk with a maximum concentration at CN44 (15.3%), while TAGs with CN44-CN52 were the predominant in human milk with a maximum of CN52 (30%). For both milks studied, the experimentally determined distributions of TAGs molecular species deviated from those predicted by the random hypothesis. TAGs with CN44 corresponding to a fatty acids carbon number distribution of C 8 /C 18 /C 18 ,C 12 /C 14 /C 18 ,a n dC 10 /C 16 /C 18 were apparently preferentially synthesized in equine milk. Whereas, in human milk, mixed TAGs with CN52 containing C 16 /C 18 / C 18 fatty acids were much higher than would be expected from the random calculation.

Addition of Olive Pomace to Feeding Substrate Affects Growth Performance and Nutritional Value of Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor L.) Larvae

“…Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared by acid-catalyzed transesterification of lipid extracts and analyzed by gas chromatography, according to the procedure and conditions described in Haddad et al [20,21]. Fatty acid (FA) compositions (weight % of total FA) were calculated by the peak area normalization method.…”

Effect of Breed on Fatty Acid Composition of Meat and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Light Lambs

“…Total lipids from the freeze-dried muscle samples and from the adipose tissue were extracted by Soxtec TM (FOSS Italia s.p.a., Padova, Italy) system with the use of petroleum ether [24]. The preparation of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) and their gas chromatographic analysis were carried out according to Haddad et al [25,26]. The FAME composition of LL and SC were determined by a gas chromatograph HRGC MEGA 2 (Fisons Instruments, Milano, Italy) equipped with a Rt-2560 ® column (0.25 mm × 100 m, 0.20 µm film thickness, Restek, PA, USA).…”

Chemical Characteristics and Nutritional Properties of Hybrid Palm Oils

“…Different quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for iodine value (index of total unsaturation) and FAs (C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2) have been identified, and a few structural genes encoding the enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of FAs and in the TAG assembly (e.g., acyl-ACP thioesterases, acyl-CoA synthetase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase) have been localized in those genomic intervals. It is interesting to notice of instrumental chromatographic techniques, both in liquid [45,46] and gas [3] phase, and the powerful of mass spectrometers, as detection system.…”