“…A tremendous amount of research has been devoted to perovskite oxides because of their versatile physical and chemical properties such as ferroelectricity, 1−16 antiferroelectricity, 17−19 ferromagnetism, 15,16,20,21 multiferroicity, 22,23 quantum paraelectricity, 24−27 superconductivity, 28−35 metal−insulator transition, 36−43 two-dimensional electron gas formation, 44,45 catalysis, 46−52 and photocatalysis. 53−56 These fascinating properties of perovskite oxides are widely tunable by utilizing their high flexibility in the structural distortion, 7−14,36−39,57−59 chemical composition, 6−8,29−34 doping, 29,42,43 epitaxial strain modulation, [1][2][3][4]22,23,60 and superlattice fabrication.…”