Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been related to the impairments of white matter (WM) pathways.Recently, a two-compartment model of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was used to analyze the WM in ASD.However, the model is restricted by some limitations. Our study aimed to demonstrate the first use of a modelfree conventional DKI in the evaluation of WM in ASD and to test the relationship between WM alterations and personality scales.
MethodsFifteen subjects with ASD (ASDs) and 15 neurotypical controls (NTs) were scanned on a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. Personality scales of both groups were measured using autism quotient (AQ), systemizing quotient (SQ), and empathizing quotient (EQ). Multi-shell diffusion-weighted MR data were acquired using two b-values (1000 and 2000 s/mm 2 ). The differences of each DKI indices, i.e., mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), and axial kurtosis (AK), were evaluated between ASDs and NTs using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Finally, we also measured the relationships between DKI indices and personality scales.
ResultsReduced AK was demonstrated in the body and splenium of corpus callosum of ASDs compared with NTs.There were no significant differences in other indices. Negative correlations were found between AK and AQ or SQ predominantly in WM areas related to social-emotional processing, such as uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculus.
ConclusionsA model-free DKI might be used to detect WM alterations in ASDs. Also, DKI indices could be an objective marker to monitor the severity of ASD.