A comparative study of three different assimilable organic carbon (AOC) methods: results of a round-robin test

Ross, Petra; Hammes, Frederik; Dignum, Marco; Magic-Knezev, Aleksandra; Hambsch, B.; Rietveld, L.C.

doi:10.2166/ws.2013.079

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…A range of methods have been developed to assess growth promoting properties (growth potential) of drinking water and are traditional indicators for biological stability ( van der Kooij et al, 1982 ; Servais et al, 1989 ; Hu et al, 1999 ; Ross et al, 2013 ). In essence, these methods are predictive, as the water is analyzed before distribution, and the tests are used to predict the extent of growth that could potentially occur during water distribution.…”

Section: How Is Biological Stability Assessed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial focus of these methods was on biodegradable organic carbon and included the assessment of AOC, initially proposed by van der Kooij et al (1982) , van der Kooij and Hijnen (1985b) , and BDOC method, proposed by Servais et al (1987 , 1989 ). Both methods have been the subject to numerous adaptations for improving the tests representativeness, ease of handling and time ( Werner, 1984 ; Joret and Levi, 1986 ; Joret et al, 1988 ; Lucena et al, 1990 ; Ribas et al, 1991 ; Hambsch et al, 1992 ; LeChevallier et al, 1993 ; Miettinen et al, 1997 ; Haddix et al, 2004 ; Hammes and Egli, 2005 ; Sack et al, 2009 ; Ross et al, 2013 ). While the AOC assays by definition focus on easily available substrates for planktonic growth, BDOC assays enable the assessment of the refractory fraction of biodegradable organic carbon, which can be used by biofilm-bacteria in distribution systems ( Camper, 2004 ; Flemming and Wingender, 2010 ).…”

Section: How Is Biological Stability Assessed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

et al. 2016

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Biological stability of drinking water refers to the concept of providing consumers with drinking water of same microbial quality at the tap as produced at the water treatment facility. However, uncontrolled growth of bacteria can occur during distribution in water mains and premise plumbing, and can lead to hygienic (e.g., development of opportunistic pathogens), aesthetic (e.g., deterioration of taste, odor, color) or operational (e.g., fouling or biocorrosion of pipes) problems. Drinking water contains diverse microorganisms competing for limited available nutrients for growth. Bacterial growth and interactions are regulated by factors, such as (i) type and concentration of available organic and inorganic nutrients, (ii) type and concentration of residual disinfectant, (iii) presence of predators, such as protozoa and invertebrates, (iv) environmental conditions, such as water temperature, and (v) spatial location of microorganisms (bulk water, sediment, or biofilm). Water treatment and distribution conditions in water mains and premise plumbing affect each of these factors and shape bacterial community characteristics (abundance, composition, viability) in distribution systems. Improved understanding of bacterial interactions in distribution systems and of environmental conditions impact is needed for better control of bacterial communities during drinking water production and distribution. This article reviews (i) existing knowledge on biological stability controlling factors and (ii) how these factors are affected by drinking water production and distribution conditions. In addition, (iii) the concept of biological stability is discussed in light of experience with well-established and new analytical methods, enabling high throughput analysis and in-depth characterization of bacterial communities in drinking water. We discussed, how knowledge gained from novel techniques will improve design and monitoring of water treatment and distribution systems in order to maintain good drinking water microbial quality up to consumer’s tap. A new definition and methodological approach for biological stability is proposed.

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Section: How Is Biological Stability Assessed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Is Biological Stability Assessed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

et al. 2016

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“…The AOC concentration in the feed water of BAC 2 was the highest followed by BAC 3 and 4. The difference observed between the AOC concentration in BAC 3 and 4 is explained by the addition of phosphate and the AOC measurement representing the growth potential instead of just the carbon growth potential, indicating phosphate limitation of the water [34].…”

Section: Bacterial Growth Potential Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 87%

“…NOX. Therefore it was assumed that the measured AOC concentration represented the actual growth potential of the water instead of just carbon limitation [34]. Thus, the lower the AOC concentration the lower the bacterial growth potential.…”

Section: Bacterial Growth Potential Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water quality changes on performance of biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration

Ross

Dijk

et al. 2019

Separation and Purification Technology

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Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration is an important treatment step in the production of drinking water especially if drinking water is produced from surface water. The performance and processes within a BAC filter have been of interest for researchers since the 1980's, mainly because of its ability to remove natural organic matter known as disinfection precursors. A malfunction of one of the pre-treatment steps might affect the feed water quality into the BAC filters. The main objective of this study was to determine the immediate response of the BAC filters to a rapid change in feed water quality. It was shown that with the studied setup it was possible to compare the effect of different pre-treatment steps and subsequent different water qualities on the performance of the BAC filters on the long term adaptation. However, especially the immediate response was not studied in detail before. All filters were able to mitigate a sudden change in feed water quality, either through improved adsorption or increased activity of the biomass on the filter. As a result of this resilience against sudden changes, it is therefore concluded that there is no direct need for very stringent on-line monitoring and continuous adjustments of the feed water quality of the BAC filters. The addition of phosphate resulted in the lowest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in the effluent of the BAC filters. In this study the influence of intact cells in the feed water on the performance of the BAC filters was shown to be limited.

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“…Recently, an additional strain, Flavobacterium johnsoniae A3, is also considered in the AOC plate count test because of its ability to utilize proteins and polysaccharides that could not be utilized by strains P17 and NOX (van der Kooij et al, 2015). More detailed descriptions and comparisons on different AOC bioassays can be found in Ross et al (2013) and Wang et al (2014b). However, these methods are mostly established by experiments based on drinking water or seawater.…”

Section: Aoc Bioassay For Reclaimed Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) variation in reclaimed water: Insight on biological stability evaluation and control for sustainable water reuse

Chen

Ngo

et al. 2018

Bioresource Technology

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This review highlights the importance of conducting biological stability evaluation due to water reuse progression. Specifically, assimilable organic carbon (AOC) has been identified as a practical indicator for microbial occurrence and regrowth which ultimately influence biological stability. Newly modified AOC bioassays aimed for reclaimed water are introduced. Since elevated AOC levels are often detected after tertiary treatment, the review emphasizes that actions can be taken to either limit AOC levels prior to disinfection or conduct post-treatment (e.g. biological filtration) as a supplement to chemical oxidation based approaches (e.g. ozonation and chlorine disinfection). During subsequent distribution and storage, microbial community and possible microbial regrowth caused by complex interactions are discussed. It is suggested that microbial surveillance, AOC threshold values, real-time field applications and surrogate parameters could provide additional information. This review can be used to formulate regulatory plans and strategies, and to aid in deriving relevant control, management and operational guidance.

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A comparative study of three different assimilable organic carbon (AOC) methods: results of a round-robin test

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

Biological Stability of Drinking Water: Controlling Factors, Methods, and Challenges

Effects of water quality changes on performance of biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration

Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) variation in reclaimed water: Insight on biological stability evaluation and control for sustainable water reuse

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