A comparative study of TiO ₂ nanoparticles and Cu(II)/TiO ₂ nanocomposites on photodegradation of cinnamic acid (CA) under natural sunlight and artificial UV light

Assessing the Sustainability of Photodegradation and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Reuse in an Agricultural Resilience Context

“…Conversely, past studies have emphasized the efficacy of UV/chloramine for removal and observed the impacts of coexisting chloramines rather than the use of solar energy considered in this paper [39]. Moreover, the removal kinetics of organic chlorine, bromine and iodine contained in wastewater under solar radiation (not UV lamps) have been analyzed [40]. Finally, regarding the agro-industrial context covered by this paper, the treatment of olive mill wastewater in a photocatalytic process has also been studied [41].…”

“…These studies have shown that membranes are extremely efficient in the removal of toxic organic compounds, in particular dyes contained in wastewater. Additionally, photodegradation, tested in the context of cinnamic acid in natural sunlight and artificial UV light in agro-wastewater, has highlighted their efficiency [40]. Nevertheless, their feasibility has also been tested in a reactor under direct solar irradiance outside a university laboratory located in Southern Italy [48] or by applying photodegradation under UV-V and combined V-UV/UV-C irradiation [36].…”

“…In conclusion, the treatment of wastewater from agricultural industries can be defined as technically more complex, in particular for wastewater containing phenolic com-pounds [40]. However, a high removal efficiency can be achieved, equal to about 80% of the micropollutants present in raceway reactors [37].…”

“…Absorption and desorption of antibiotics vary according to the soil type and depend on pH, organic carbon, soil texture and cation exchange capacity [32] Experimental method Photocatalytic activity Good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue using UV and visible light [46] Experimental method Clay purification, Clay characterization, Adsorption experiments Physicochemical characteristics of the treated effluent allow the use of wastewater for crop irrigation [47] Experimental method Solar driven advanced oxidation processes High-level solar technology with faster degradation kinetics observed for the sunlight process, offsetting the cost of the photocatalyst [48] Comparative method Modified grafting, Process, Fixed concentration of cinnamic acid Scaled-up reactors for the purification of agricultural wastewater [40] Experimental method Raceway pond reactor pilot plant with two types of RPRs (raceway pond reactors)…”