A comparative study of volatile components of propolis (bee glue) collected from Haramaya University and Assela Beekeeping Centers, Ethiopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The investigation of the volatile compounds of essential oils of propolis from two geographic origins of Ethiopia (Haramaya and Assela) was made by GC-MS. A total of 62 components of the oil were identified from both samples. The identified constituents of the oils may be divided into seven different groups: oxygenated monoterpenes (29.81% Haramaya, 9.45% Asella), sesquiterpenes (15.20% Haramaya, 19.05% Assela), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (11.86% Haramaya, 18.56% Assela), aromatic (14.93% Haramaya, 4.25% Assela), oxygenated aromatic (17.59% Haramaya, 4.58% Assela), aliphatic (5.06% Haramaya, 7.62% Assela) and oxygenated aliphatic (7.84% Haramaya, 25.17% Asella). The major volatile compounds of Haramaya propolis consist of calamenene (13.82%), 4-terpineol (8.57%), epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (8.37%), 4-(2-acetyl-5,5-dimethylcyclopent-2-enylidene)butan-2-one (7.83%) and 3-isopropyl-6-methyl-2-oxo-1-(3-oxobutyl)-cyclohexanecarbaldehyde (5.90%). Whereas the most abundant constituents of Assela propolis were 5,6,7,8-tetramethylbicyclo[4,1,0]hept-4-en-3-one (15.01%), acoradien (13.77%), epicedrol (6.80%) and (6E,6E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,6,10,14-hexadecatetraen-3-ol (6.14%). Ten compounds which were found in both samples of propolis were trans-pinocarveol,

Advances in the Propolis Chemical Composition between 2013 and 2018: A Review

“…Besides compounds mentioned above, there might be some that were not included in this review, either because their structures were not determined [47,60,66], because authors did not pay enough attention to their novelty and they were not specifically labelled as new [13,31,47,53,63,64,67,88], or simply because they were overlooked. In conclusion, actual number of compounds isolated in the recent years could be even higher.…”

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“…The great biodiversity of tropical flora is reflected in the chemical diversity of tropical propolis volatiles (Bankova et al, 2014) which do not show a regular pattern in chemical composition. However, essential oils of propolis from Ethiopia showed similarity with that of Cameroon by the common presence of (+)-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, 0cymene, camphor, himachalane, cadinene, cedrol, terpineol acetate and n-alkanes that have been described in Ethiopian propolis previously (Haile et al, 2012). The qualitative and quantitative differences in composition of propolis volatiles from different regions can natural be accounted for by difference in climatic conditions and local flora.…”

Antileishmanial Potential of Propolis Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Combination With Amphotericin B

“…22 In addition, in other regions of Brazil, the most abundant components in EO were β-caryophyllene (12.7%), acetophenone (12.3%), farnesene (9.2%), and linalool (6.47%). [21][22][23] Antileishmanial Activity of Propolis EO Propolis EO exhibited strong antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of L. major and L. infantum with IC 50 values of 5.29 ± 0.31 and 3.67 ± 0.52 µg/mL, respectively (Table 2). Moreover, a high activity was found against amastigote forms of L. major and L. infantum (IC 50 = 7.38 ± 0.45 and 4.96 ± 0.24 µg/mL, respectively) with significant (P < 0.05) reduction of the parasite proliferation (more than 95%).…”

“…These results were consistent with those found in the Iranian propolis EO which was rich in α-pinene (43.9%), 1,8-cineole (11.1%), and camphene (8.6%). 22 Kerman's propolis EO also contained a 22,23 Similar results have been found in the previous work on Greek propolis 21 in which α-pinene was the major compound and its content varied between 7.9% and 45.8%, trans-β-terpineol (2.2%-6.6%), junipene (1.5%-11.7%), and δ-cadinene (0.3%-8.4%), as well as Brazilian propolis that contained α-pinene (18.3%), β-pinene (6.5%), and δ-cadinene (7.0%). 22 In addition, in other regions of Brazil, the most abundant components in EO were β-caryophyllene (12.7%), acetophenone (12.3%), farnesene (9.2%), and linalool (6.47%).…”

“…22 Kerman's propolis EO also contained a 22,23 Similar results have been found in the previous work on Greek propolis 21 in which α-pinene was the major compound and its content varied between 7.9% and 45.8%, trans-β-terpineol (2.2%-6.6%), junipene (1.5%-11.7%), and δ-cadinene (0.3%-8.4%), as well as Brazilian propolis that contained α-pinene (18.3%), β-pinene (6.5%), and δ-cadinene (7.0%). 22 In addition, in other regions of Brazil, the most abundant components in EO were β-caryophyllene (12.7%), acetophenone (12.3%), farnesene (9.2%), and linalool (6.47%). [21][22][23] Antileishmanial Activity of Propolis EO Propolis EO exhibited strong antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of L. major and L. infantum with IC 50 values of 5.29 ± 0.31 and 3.67 ± 0.52 µg/mL, respectively (Table 2).…”