A Comparative Study on Different Motors used in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Motors are the main part of the drivetrain of electric vehicles (EVs) as they transfer the power of batteries to the axle and tires. Therefore, the performance of batteries is a great concern as loss of energy, or lower torque/speed can cause a negative impact on the performance of EVs. In this regard, this study aimed to study different motors that are used in EVs. These motors include DC motors (brushed and brushless), permanent magnet motor motors(BLDCs), switched reluctance motors (SRMs), induction motors(IMs), and outer rotor motors. This study has performed a rigorous review of past literature to examine different factors (speed, torque, efficiency, flux linkage) that affect the performance of motors in EVs. The results of the study have found that SRMs are the most efficient and reliable motors for use in EVs as they can perform in different conditions and offer benefits of low cost and high efficiency. The study has noted the performance rating of SRM to be the highest (87), while BLDCs, PMSMs, and IMs, showed a performance rating of 75, 85, and 82 out of 100. However, more research is needed in this area to enhance the performance of the motors through the development of a novel motor design to enhance efficiency and reduce cost.