A comparative study on distant free-hand pointing

Abstract

In this paper we present a comparative study of free-hand pointing, an absolute remote pointing device. Unimanual and bimanual interaction were tested as well as the static reference system (spatial coordinates are fixed in the space in front of the TV) and novel body-aligned reference system (coordinates are bound to the current position of the user). We conducted a pointand-click experiment with 12 participants. We have identified the preferred interaction areas for left-and right-handed users in terms of hand preference and preferred spatial areas of the interaction. In bimanual interaction, the users relied more on dominant hand, switching hands only when necessary. Even though the remote pointing device was faster than the free-hand pointing, it was less accepted probably due to its low precision.

Predicting Task Execution Time on Natural User Interfaces based on Touchless Hand Gestures

“…As mentioned above, several research efforts have been performed for analyzing pointing tasks using Fitts' Law and THG [32,39,29,31,30]. Although we have found no reasons to estimate the time for this operator in a different way that the one in KLM, a value or equation is necessary for using P. However, we have not performed experiments for determining that value or equation.…”

“…The stroke time was computed as the period of time since a participant reached the button until s/he stopped pushing it. This value is approximated to those reported in [30].…”

“…They answered 15 questions by drawing a letter inside a red box of three sizes (30,45 and 60 cm. in motor space) using Graffiti gestures (only for letters A, B, C, D and E).…”

“…Likewise, Fitts' Law [10], which is a well-known validated model, has been applied to touchless interaction evaluation. It has been used to compare various interface types and input devices [29,31,39,30]; to evaluate methods of pointing and selecting in the air using hand gestures and Kinect [32], etc. These works show that Fitts' law is a well-studied model, and it may be successfully used to estimate performance time on NUIs.…”

Freehand gestural text entry for interactive TV

“…Bobeth et al [5] tested freehand menu selection for interactive TV with 4 different designs, and found that freehand gestures could be an appropriate way for older adults to control a TV. A selection task was also investigated in [29], and participants preferred freehand gestural pointing to using a handheld pointing device. Drawing different shapes in the air can also be used to select objects or menu items [2] with interactive TV, however, certain shapes are not easy to perform and remember, and have low recognition rates.…”