A Comparative Study on Korean and Japanese Policy for the Activation of Sixth Industry

Entrepreneurial Talent Building for 21st Century Agricultural Innovation

“…Another example of a national-level initiative to spur agricultural innovation and economic growth is the Sixth Industrialization Plan that has been implemented in Japan and South Korea . Although farmers typically focus on agricultural production as the primary (first) industry, this initiative seeks to help farmers become involved in food processing and distribution as a secondary (second) industry along with agricultural well-being and tourism experiences as tertiary (third) industries among various opportunities.…”

“…58,59 Another example of a national-level initiative to spur agricultural innovation and economic growth is the Sixth Industrialization Plan that has been implemented in Japan 60 and South Korea. 61 Although farmers typically focus on agricultural production as the primary (first) industry, this initiative seeks to help farmers become involved in food processing and distribution as a secondary (second) industry along with agricultural well-being and tourism experiences as tertiary (third) industries among various opportunities. The term "Sixth Industrialization" comes from multiplying 1 × 2 × 3 in reference to coordinated action across three industries (1 × 2 × 3 = 6) and was designed to integrate agricultural production efforts together with higher-value processing and distribution efforts in order to amplify potential economic benefits created by collaborations between farmers and actors involved in downstream business activities, as shown in Figure 1.…”

The Colonial State, Migration, and Diasporic Nationhood in Korea

“…The 1919 mass uprising of Koreans initially jolted Japan into taking a more conciliatory approach toward its colonial population in the name of the “Cultural Rule.” This policy change was also applied to Koreans in Manchuria, where Korean nationalist militias were seeking co-ethnic support and alliance with Chinese or Soviet communists. The GGK made “protection and control” the double goals of its new policies vis-à-vis Koreans in Manchuria (Kim 1992). On one hand, strict control continued: the GGK and the consular police jointly carried out a series of brutal crackdown campaigns that targeted nationalist guerillas and (presumably) complicit civilians.…”

“…There are two aspects of this process that I want to draw out. First, the establishment of Manchukuo radically transformed Korean migration to Manchuria, not only in terms of its numbers, composition, and geographic distribution (Kim 1992), but also in the degree and means of the state's control over it. With the removal of the antagonistic Chinese authorities, Manchuria seemed to provide a vast, unencumbered space where the surplus populations in Japan and Korea could be discharged (Lynn 2005).…”