“…The known values for hydroxyapatite and collagen density are 3.18 and 1.4 g/cm 3 , respectively. ( 41,42 )…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The known values for hydroxyapatite and collagen density are 3.18 and 1.4 g/cm 3 , respectively. (41,42) Based on this three-phase model of bone and that V NC ( 1, the measured wt% Ca can be correlated with vol% nanochannels through a linear equation:…”
“…The known values for hydroxyapatite and collagen density are 3.18 and 1.4 g/cm 3 , respectively. ( 41,42 )…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The known values for hydroxyapatite and collagen density are 3.18 and 1.4 g/cm 3 , respectively. (41,42) Based on this three-phase model of bone and that V NC ( 1, the measured wt% Ca can be correlated with vol% nanochannels through a linear equation:…”
“…4 a). This finding indicates that partially carbonated hydroxyapatite can be formed during preparation process 30 , 31 . Figure 4 FTIR spectrum of HAp calcined at 700 °C.…”
In glass industry, the evolved gases and fumes from burning the gas fuel absorbed in calcium hydroxide to minimize the pollution of environment. After a period of time, the calcium hydroxide fouled with sulphate and carbonate as action of the absorbed SO3 and CO2 gases. Based on our interest to treatment the solid waste materials, this study intended to convert the obtained waste of calcium hydroxide fouled with gases to valuable products. Firstly, this waste was treated with water, caustic soda and acids. The results confirmed the conversion of waste to pure calcium sulfate by treatment with 6 v/v% sulfuric acid. Secondly, the obtained calcium sulfate was reacted with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution for preparation of calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. The produced HAp sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption measurements. The obtained findings confirmed that the HAp can be produced after calcination at 700 °C, nanorods-like of sizes ranged from 11 to 15 nm and with main surface functional groups of hydroxyapatite. TGA and DTA data indicated that HAp is thermally stable up to 700 °C. Also, the obtained HAp has Ca/P molar ratio of 1.60 and exhibited high total surface area of 146 m2/g with mesoporous structure which make this material can be used in medical and water purification applications.
“…B-raw samples showed broad and poorly defined peaks at 2 θ values of 25.85, 31.79, 39.83, and 46.74, respectively, which could not be reliably identified due to the presence of any leftover organic components as well as from the elastic and inelastic dispersion of the HA NPs crystals (Fig. 3 A) 9 , 16 . The characteristic diffraction peaks of calcined HA-700 samples (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HA can be chemically synthesized using calcium and phosphorus chemical precursors, yet researchers have investigated and extracted biogenic HA from a variety of natural sources, primarily from biogenic mammalian resources like bovine, dromedary, porcine, and birds 7 – 9 . HA can also be extracted from marine or aquatic sources, such as fish scales and bones, shell sources, such as cockles, clams, eggs, and seashells, plants, algae, and mineral sources (e.g., limestone) 10 .…”
Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be used in odontology and orthopedic grafts to restore damaged bone due to its stable chemical characteristics, composition, and crystal structural affinity for human bone. A three-step hydrothermal method was used for the extraction of biogenic calcined HA from the buffalo waste bones at 700 °C (HA-700) and 1000 °C (HA-1000). Extracts were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in vivo examination of HA xenografts for femoral lesions in experimental rats. Crystallinity, purity, and morphology patterns showed that the HA main phase purity was 84.68% for HA-700 and 88.99% for HA-1000. Spherical HA nanoparticles were present for calcined HA-700 samples in the range 57–423 nm. Rats with critical bone lesions of 3 mm in diameter in the left femur treated with calcined HA-700 nanoparticles healed significantly (p < 0.001) faster than rats treated with HA-1000 or negative controls. These findings showed that spherical biogenic HA-700 NPs with a bud-like structure have the potential to stimulate both osteoconduction and bone remodeling, leading to greater bone formation potential in vivo. Thus, the calcined biogenic HA generated from buffalo waste bones may be a practical tool for biomedical applications.
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