A Comparative Study on the Influence of Chromium on the Phase Fraction and Elemental Distribution in As-Cast High Chromium Cast Irons: Simulation vs. Experimentation

Nayak, U.P.; Guitar, María Agustina; Mücklich, Frank

doi:10.3390/met10010030

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…3 mm alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) balls (99.00-99.99% purity; Grade GD28) was used as the sliding counter-body. The bulk chemical composition and the microstructural characterization of the HCCI alloy are given in [28], whereas the specifics of the tribological tests are described in [29]. The microstructure of the as-cast sample composed of M 7 C 3 (~ 30%) (M: Cr, Fe) eutectic carbides (EC) dispersed in an austenitic matrix (γ) (~ 60%), and a thin layer of martensite (α′) (~ 10%) sandwiched between the EC and γ.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth to note that the formation of the oxide film is dependent on the chromium content present in the matrix alone [7,36]. In a previous study [28], the chromium content of the matrix was calculated using electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) and MatCalc simulations, and it was found to be around ~ 18 wt%. Hence, in the current alloy, an oxide film consisting of a complex mixture of iron and chromium can be expected.…”

Section: Copper Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Protective Coating for Evaluating the Sub-surface Microstructure of a Worn Material

et al. 2021

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In the current study, electrolytic deposition using two different electrodes, copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) was investigated with the aim of protecting the worn surface during mechanical sectioning and polishing, for a posterior examination of the sub-surface microstructure. The efficacies of the two coatings were visually assessed based on its adhesivity and the ability to protect the wear tracks of an as-cast 26% Cr high chromium cast iron (HCCI) alloy. It was observed that electrodeposition using Cu as the electrode was ineffective owing to a poor adhesivity of the coating on the HCCI surface. The coating had peeled off at several regions across the cross-section during the mechanical sectioning. On the other hand, Ni electroplating using Ni strike as the electrolyte was successfully able to protect the wear track, and the sub-surface characteristics of the wear track could be clearly visualized. A uniform coating thickness of about 8 µm was deposited after 30–40 min with the current density maintained between 1 and 5 A/dm2. The presence of the Ni coating also acted as a protective barrier preventing the ejection of the broken carbide fragments underneath the wear track.

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Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Copper Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Protective Coating for Evaluating the Sub-surface Microstructure of a Worn Material

et al. 2021

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“…The high Cr/C ratio (10.5) ensures that the austenitic matrix does not undergo partial decomposition (to ferrite/pearlite) during solidification. [15] Additionally, a martensitic region is present at the carbide/matrix interface, which was formed during casting as a consequence of C and Cr depletion. The eutectic carbides (EC) will remain unchanged after the TT, [7] whereas the carbide precipitation and microstructural modification will occur in the austenitic and martensitic region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the Phase Transformation Kinetics in High Chromium Cast Irons Using Dilatometry and Metallographic Techniques

Guitar

Scheid

Nayak

et al. 2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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Further development of high chromium cast irons (HCCI) is based on tailoring the microstructure, necessitating an accurate control over the phase transformation and carbide precipitation temperatures and can be achieved by thermal treatments (TT). To understand the underlying mechanisms controlling the transformation kinetics during the different stages of the TT, it is imperative to adjust the TT parameters to have information of the transformations occurring during non-thermal and isothermal heating cycles, since proper selection of the TT parameters ensures the optimum use of the alloying elements. In this work, the boundaries of the phase transformations for a HCCI containing 26 wt pct Cr for different cooling rates (continuous cooling transformation, CCT, diagram) were established by applying dilatometric measurements. Based on the CCT diagram, a temperature-time-transformation (TTT) diagram was constructed by isothermally holding the samples until complete phase transformation. For determining the initiation and finishing of the transformation, the lever rule assisted by derivatives was applied. The phases present after transformation were determined by combining X-ray diffraction (XRD) and metallographic characterization using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the data obtained from the dilatometer was experimentally verified by isothermally heat treating some samples using laboratory furnaces. The transformed phase fraction from OM and SEM images was then correlated to the fraction obtained from the TTT diagram.

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“…White cast irons with a high chrome content and which have a composition defined by ASTM A532 111A [1] are widely used in the crushing and grinding of rocks and minerals in the mining and construction industries [2][3][4]. Resistance to abrasive and erosive wear, as well as resistance to corrosion, are critical properties for such aggressive applications [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Impact Toughness and Abrasion Resistance of a 3C-25Cr-0.5Mo Alloy Using a Design of Experiment Statistical Technique: Microstructural Correlations after Heat Treatments

González-Pociño

Lozano

Álvarez-Antolín

et al. 2021

Metals

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Hypoeutectic high chromium white cast irons are commonly used in the mining and cement industries, where high resistance to abrasive wear is demanded. Through the application of a Design of Experiment technique (DoE), different factors related to thermal industrial treatments are analysed with regard to resistance to abrasive wear and impact response. Abrasion tests were carried out in accordance with the ASTM G065-16 standard. The provisional results show that to increase wear resistance, high destabilisation temperatures (1050 °C) followed by slow cooling to room temperature (RT) and subsequent tempering at 400 °C are most favourable. This is because these conditions are favourable to maintaining a certain tetragonality of the martensite after tempering and also, because of the presence of a high density of mixed carbides M7C3, through a secondary precipitation during cooling. Oil quenching and a high tempering temperature (550 °C) with long dwell times of 6 h were found to increase impact toughness. These conditions favour a lack of retained austenite. The presence of retained austenite was found unfavourable for both wear resistance and toughness, whereas tempering at 400 °C has been shown to be insufficient to transform martensite on tempering, which in turn seemed to increase the hardness of the matrix constituent.

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A Comparative Study on the Influence of Chromium on the Phase Fraction and Elemental Distribution in As-Cast High Chromium Cast Irons: Simulation vs. Experimentation

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Development of a Protective Coating for Evaluating the Sub-surface Microstructure of a Worn Material

Development of a Protective Coating for Evaluating the Sub-surface Microstructure of a Worn Material

Quantification of the Phase Transformation Kinetics in High Chromium Cast Irons Using Dilatometry and Metallographic Techniques

Improvement of Impact Toughness and Abrasion Resistance of a 3C-25Cr-0.5Mo Alloy Using a Design of Experiment Statistical Technique: Microstructural Correlations after Heat Treatments

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