A comparative study on thein vitrocytotoxic responses of two mammalian cell types to fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and iron oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the time- and dose-dependent cellular response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs), and mouse dermal fibroblasts (mDFs) to three different types of nanoparticles (NPs); fullerenes (C), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and iron (II,III) oxide (FeO) nanoparticles via in vitro toxicity methods, and impedance based biosensor system. NPs were characterized according to their morphology, structure, surface area, particle size distribution and zeta potential by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, dynamic light scattering and zeta sizer analyses. The Mössbauer spectroscopy was used in order to magnetically characterize the FeO NPs. The hPDLFs and mDFs were exposed to different concentrations of the NPs (0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) for predetermined time intervals (6, 24 and 48 h) under controlled conditions. Subsequently, NP exposed cells were tested for viability, membrane leakage and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Additional to in vitro cytotoxicity assays, the cellular responses to selected NPs were determined in real time using an impedance based biosensor system. Taken together, information obtained from all experiments suggests that toxicity of the selected NPs is cell type, concentration and time dependent.

In Vitro Intracellular Hyperthermia of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles, Synthesized at High Temperature by a Polyol Process

“…Since NR assay is based on the ATPdependent lysosomal incorporation of the supravital dye and the measurement of the fluorescence of the incorporated dye [43], the apparent increase in the viability given by NR assay is most probably the result of an increased lysosomal compartment due to the IOMNPs exposure and intra-lysosomal incorporation. Dissimilarities between viability assays that evaluate different mechanisms of toxicity were previously reported, reiterating the need for multiple viability assays when evaluating the cytocompatibility/cytotoxicity of nanomaterials [64,65]. Similar to the results obtained in this study, a slight decrease in the cellular viability, measured by the WST assay -an assay similar to Alamar Blue -, and an increase in the NR-dye uptake upon exposure to IOMNPs were previously reported [44].…”

Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers

“…Different cellular systems have different rates of cellular uptake and can alter the mechanisms of the uptake process. 7,26,39,73 CNT internalization by human lung cancer cells A549, human lung cancer cells Calu-6, human breast cells MCF-7, and mouse macrophage cells J774 have been studied by Summers et al 68 . They found that CNT uptake was the highest in the J774 cell line.…”

Selective Photoinduced Antibacterial Activity of Amoxicillin-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: From One-Step Synthesis to in Vivo Cytocompatibility

“…Similar results were found for gold nanoparticles embedded in amphiphilic block copolymers. 38 AuNPs are essentially harmless compared to other antimicrobial nanoparticles, such as zinc nanoparticles, which have a substantial toxic impact on human fibroblast after 24 h. 39 This demonstrates that the proposed photosensitizer is selectively toxic for bacteria and does not affect eukaryotic cells to any significant extent, due to the absence of any penicillin-binding protein 1A on the eukaryotic membrane.…”