A comparative study on the influence of manganese on the bactericidal response of marine invertebrates

Bacteriostatic suppression in Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) exposed to manganese or hypoxia under pressure of ocean acidification

“…Although our previous studies have shown negative effects of Mn (Hernroth et al, 2004;Oweson et al, 2006;Oweson and Hernroth, 2009) and OA on lobster immune defense, they do not directly show if susceptibility for infections increases. In this study, we wanted to take a step forward and investigate if host-pathogen interaction was affected as a consequence of exposure to hypoxia or Mn under the pressure of OA (at a level predicted to occur by the end of the century).…”

“…During hypoxic/anoxic conditions, Mn (II) concentration may increase by several orders of magnitude in the bottom water (Balzer, 1982;Hall et al, 1989), and concentrations of ∼20 mg L −1 have been recorded along the Swedish west coast (Magnusson et al, 1996). Manganese is essential for several enzymatic systems but when N. norvegicus is experimentally exposed to Mn concentrations that are realistic to find in Swedish coastal waters during hypoxic periods, neurotoxic (Baden and Neil, 1998;Holmes et al, 1999), behavioral (Krång and Rosenqvist, 2006) as well as immunotoxic effects (Hernroth et al, 2004;Oweson et al, 2006;Oweson and Hernroth, 2009) have been demonstrated. Immunotoxicity was manifested by reduced hemocyte production, induction of apoptosis in hematopoietic precursors, inhibition of immune response in terms of degranulation, pro-phenoloxidase activating system and phagocytosis.…”

Manganese: A New Emerging Contaminant in the Environment

“…Recent studies showed that high levels of manganese affect Nephrops norvegicus haemocytes causing: i) apoptosis-induced reduction of the number of circulating haemocytes ; ii) inhibition of their maturation to granular haemocytes; iii) inhibition of the recruitment of haematopoietic stem cells (Hernroth et al, 2004;Oweson et al, 2006). These immune suppressive effects were also found in Mytilus edulis (Oweson et al, 2009). In addition, manganese alters the immune system of sponges (Geodia cydonium, Crella elegans and Chondrosia reniformis) by inhibiting the activity of the 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase), an enzyme known to be involved in the functioning of the immune system of vertebrates (Saby et al, 2009).…”

Heavy Metal Pollutants and Chemical Ecology: Exploring New Frontiers

“…Many studies have shown immunomodulation associated with sublethal metal exposure in the environment or in experimental laboratory settings (e.g., Lawrence and McCabe 2002;Dietert and Piepenbrink 2006;Ilbäck et al 2008). Most studies have targeted vertebrates, but recent work has revealed negative effects of heavy metal pollutants on host defense response systems of marine invertebrates (e.g., Oweson and Hernroth 2009;Vijayavel et al 2009) as well as terrestrial insects (e.g., Sorvari et al 2007;van Ooik et al 2008).…”