A comparative study on the cortico-hypoglossal connections in primates, using biotin dextranamine

Jürgens, Uwe; Alipour, Mehrnaz

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00525-6

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This class of direct cortico-motor connections is similar to those that monosynaptically connect the cortex to the motor neurons controlling the fingers in apes and some monkey species, providing them with voluntary control over individual finger movements (Lemon & Griffiths 2005). In addition, apes and some monkeys have direct connections to the facial motor neurons controlling the lips and hypoglossal neurons controlling the tongue ( Jürgens & Alipour 2002, Simonyan 2014. Consistent with this, apes have good voluntary control and learning abilities over their lips and tongues (Marshall et al 1999, Reynolds Losin et al 2008, Wich et al 2009).…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • the Biology And Evolution Of Speech 267supporting

confidence: 59%

The Biology and Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Analysis

Fitch

2018

Annu. Rev. Linguist.

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I analyze the biological underpinnings of human speech from a comparative perspective. By first identifying mechanisms that are evolutionarily derived relative to other primates, we obtain members of the faculty of language, derived components (FLD). Understanding when and why these evolved is central to understanding the evolution of speech. There is little evidence for human-specific mechanisms in auditory perception, and the hypothesis that speech perception is "special" is poorly supported by comparative data. Regarding speech production, human peripheral vocal anatomy includes several derived characteristics (permanently descended larynx, loss of air sacs), but their importance has been overestimated. In contrast, the central neural mechanisms underlying speech production involve crucial derived characteristics (direct monosynaptic connections from motor cortex to laryngeal motor neurons, derived intracortical dorsal circuitry between auditory and motor regions). Paleo-DNA from fossil hominins provides an exciting new opportunity to determine when these derived speech production mechanisms arose during evolution.

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Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • the Biology And Evolution Of Speech 267supporting

confidence: 59%

The Biology and Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Analysis

Fitch

2018

Annu. Rev. Linguist.

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“…Old world monkeys and apes have versatile motor functions of the tongue and the facial muscles, probably mediated through direct cortico-bulbar projections to the facial and the hypoglossal nuclei, but monosynaptic projections to the cranial motor nuclei subserving the intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles are lacking [16]. According to a hypothesis put forth by Jürgens & Alipur [17], development of the direct fiber tracts descending from cortical larynx areas to the laryngeal motor nuclei was a consequence of the massive increase in brain volume that occurred during hominin evolution (‘Jürgens-Kuypers-Hypothesis'). Concomitantly, new distributed sensorimotor representation areas of the larynx evolved in the ventral pre- and post-central region, which are not present in nonhuman primates [18,19].…”

Section: Phylogenetic Aspects Of Speech Motor Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromotor Speech Impairment: It's All in the Talking

Ziegler¹,

Ackermann²

2013

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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The aim of this article is to explicate the uniqueness of the motor activity implied in spoken language production and to emphasize how important it is, from a theoretical and a clinical perspective, to consider the motor events associated with speaking as domain-specific, i.e., as pertaining to the domain of linguistic expression. First, phylogenetic data are reviewed demonstrating the specificity of the human vocal tract motor network regarding (i) the entrenchment of laryngeal motor skills within the organization of vocal tract movements, (ii) the evolution of a neural basis for skill acquisition within this system, and (iii) the integration of this system into an auditory-motor network. Second, ontogenetic evidence and existing knowledge about the experience-dependent plasticity of the brain are reported to explicate that during speech acquisition the vocal tract motor system is constrained by universal properties of speech production and by the specific phonological properties of the speaker's ambient language. Third, clinical data from dysarthria and apraxia of speech provide the background for a discussion about the theoretical underpinnings of domain-general versus domain-specific views of speech motor control. The article ends with a brief sketch of a holistic neurophonetic approach in experimental inquiries, assessment, and treatment of neuromotor speech impairment.

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“…In macaques, corticobulbar axon terminals have been observed within the trigeminal motor nucleus (predominantly contralateral), facial nucleus (predominantly contralateral motoneurons of the lower face), and hypoglossal nucleus (bilateral), as well as the parvocellular reticular formation adjacent to these motor nuclei [Kuypers, 1958b;Jenny and Saper, 1987;Morecraft et al, 2001;Jürgens and Alipour, 2002]. The parvocellular reticular formation, in turn, comprises an important source of premotor input to the orofacial motor nuclei [Travers and Norgren, 1983;Fay and Norgren, 1997;Travers and Rinaman, 2002] and provides an indirect polysynaptic channel for the cortex to influence the activity of orofacial motoneurons.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Patterns Of Npnfp-immunoreactive Neuron Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

et al. 2004

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This study presents a comparative stereologic investigation of neurofilament protein- and calcium-binding protein-immunoreactive neurons within the region of orofacial representation of primary motor cortex (Brodmann’s area 4) in several catarrhine primate species (Macaca fascicularis, Papio anubis, Pongo pygmaeus, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Homo sapiens). Results showed that the density of interneurons involved in vertical interlaminar processing (i.e., calbindin- and calretinin-immunoreactive neurons) as well pyramidal neurons that supply heavily-myelinated projections (i.e., neurofilament protein-immunoreactive neurons) are correlated with overall neuronal density, whereas interneurons making transcolumnar connections (i.e., parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons) do not exhibit such a relationship. These results suggest that differential scaling rules apply to different neuronal subtypes depending on their functional role in cortical circuitry. For example, cortical columns across catarrhine species appear to involve a similar conserved network of intracolumnar inhibitory interconnections, as represented by the distribution of calbindin- and calretinin-immunoreactive neurons. The subpopulation of horizontally-oriented wide-arbor interneurons, on the other hand, increases in density relative to other interneuron subpopulations in large brains. Due to these scaling trends, the region of orofacial representation of primary motor cortex in great apes and humans is characterized by a greater proportion of neurons enriched in neurofilament protein and parvalbumin compared to the Old World monkeys examined. These modifications might contribute to the voluntary dexterous control of orofacial muscles in great ape and human communication.

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A comparative study on the cortico-hypoglossal connections in primates, using biotin dextranamine

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

The Biology and Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Analysis

The Biology and Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Analysis

Neuromotor Speech Impairment: It's All in the Talking

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

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