“…Some of the mechanisms leading to increased tolerance in these solvent‐tolerant strains have been identified and described, and efflux pumps (Kieboom & de Bont, 2001; Mosqueda & Ramos, 2000; Ramos, Duque, Godoy, & Segura, 1998) as well as changes in the membrane composition (Heipieper & De Bont, 1994), have been shown to be important for tolerance in these strains. Some of the changes that can occur in the membrane, when bacteria are exposed to hydrophobic solvents, include vesicle formation, alteration of phospholipid composition, and reduced permeability of the cell membrane (Heipieper & De Bont, 1994; Nicolaou, Gaida, & Papoutsakis, 2010; Ramos et al, 2002). The mechanisms behind tolerance in the model strain P. putida KT2440 has also been studied for different compounds (Benndorf, Thiersch, Loffhagen, Kunath, & Harms, 2006; Domínguez‐Cuevas, González‐Pastor, Marqués, Ramos, & de Lorenzo, 2006; Fernandez, Conde et al, 2012; Fernandez, Niqui‐Arroyo, Conde, Ramos, & Duque, 2012; Roca, Rodríguez‐Herva, Duque, & Ramos, 2008; Santos, Benndorf, & Sá‐Correia, 2004).…”