A comparison and measurement standardisation of four in situ devices for determining the erosion shear stress of intertidal sediments

Tolhurst, T.J.; Black, K. S.; Paterson, David M.; Mitchener, Helen; Termaat, G.R.; Shayler, S.A.

doi:10.1016/s0278-4343(00)00029-7

Cited by 140 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, even direct measurements of the critical shear stress for erosion using different erosion devices do not result in identical parameter values. For instance, Tolhurst et al (2000) compared measurements of the critical shear stress for erosion of surficial sediments in the Humber estuary (UK) using a Gust microcosm and three other laboratory devices for measuring sediment erodibility. The reported values of the critical shear stress for erosion using the various methods varied by a factor of two.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surficial sediment erodibility from time-series measurements of suspended sediment concentrations: development and validation

Mathew

Winterwerp

2017

Ocean Dynamics

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Numerical models of fine sediment transport depend on different approaches to parameterize the erosion properties of surficial sediment strata. These properties, namely the critical shear stress for erosion and the erosion rate coefficient, are crucial for reproducing the short-term and long-term sediment dynamics of the system. Methods to parameterize these properties involve either specialized laboratory measurements on sediment samples or optimization by model calibration. Based on observations of regular patterns in the variation of suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) over the tidal cycle in a small, narrow estuary, an alternate approach, referred to as the entrainment flux method, for quantifying the erosion properties of surficial bed strata is formulated and applied. The results of this method are shown to be analogous to the erosion data used to formulate the standard linear erosion formulation developed by various authors. The erosion properties inferred from the entrainment flux method are also compared to direct measurements of erodibility on sediment samples from the same site using the Gust microcosm apparatus. The favorable comparison of the two approaches suggests that the entrainment flux method can be used to infer and quantify the erodibility of surficial sediment strata in similar small and narrow estuaries. This method has certain advantages, chiefly its ease of implementation and the fact that it uses SSC time series which would typically be expected to be available for the study of or for model application at a given site. Guidelines for selecting the appropriate dataset for the application of the method are also presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surficial sediment erodibility from time-series measurements of suspended sediment concentrations: development and validation

Mathew

Winterwerp

2017

Ocean Dynamics

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“…The turbidity meter and SPM data were used to calculate cumulative mass eroded and τ crit for each core. For a complete description of the Gust chamber, its function, and calibration, see Gust & Müller (1997), Tolhurst et al (2000) and Stevens et al (2007).…”

Section: Gust Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Erodibility of aquaculture waste from different bottom substrates

Law¹,

Hill²,

Milligan³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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A laboratory study was carried out to examine the effect of bed sediment texture on the erodibility of salmon aquaculture waste fecal material and salmon feed pellets. Erodibility measurements of this material were made using a Gust microcosm erosion chamber and artificially composed substrates of mud, sand, sand and gravel, sand and cobble, and cobble. Results show that cumulative mass eroded (CME) and erodibility constant (M) can vary by up to an order of magnitude depending on substrate composition, with a mud substrate having higher CME and M values than those of substrates composed of sand, gravel and cobble. Findings from this study suggest that bottom sediment texture plays a major role in aquaculture waste resuspension and subsequent transport and that predictive models of the transport of aquaculture waste should include the erosion dynamics of bottom texture.

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“…Impinging liquid jets are also a convenient way to study the shear strength of sediment beds to understand the general erodibility of particulates (Debnath et al, 2007;Jain and Kothyari, 2009), and a number of papers report on the applied use of impinging jets as in situ cohesive strength devices (e.g. Al-Madhhachi et al, 2011;Caruso and Gabr, 2011;Tolhurst et al, 2000;Tolhurst et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of system scale on impinging jet sediment erosion: Observed using novel and standard measurement techniques

Hunter¹,

Peakall

Unsworth³

et al. 2013

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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Jet impingement as a method for eroding particulate beds and maintaining sediment in suspension is an important process for a host of industries, particularly in nuclear waste processing, where such systems to disperse and mix particulate beds have a number of advantages over other approaches.Existing work has utilised fairly rudimentary techniques for the measurement of erosion depths and here we demonstrate a new technique for measuring both static and dynamic erosion of cohesionless particulates under an impinging jet, using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry. This approach is tested on both quartz sands and on a range of Mg(OH) 2 particulates that are key simulants for nuclear waste facilities, such as the Highly Active Storage Tanks at Sellafield, U.K. A critical jet height was found to exist that balanced the impingement velocities and total entrained jet volume to maximise erosion. The effect of system scale was also considered by normalising steady-state crater depths and sizes, with erosion being enhanced in the small scale, possibly due to increased turbulent recirculation. Additionally, velocity profiles and acoustic backscatter were used to determine both steady-state crater profiles and kinetic changes in bed-depths with time, and highlighted important differences between static and dynamic measurements of erosion depth.

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A comparison and measurement standardisation of four in situ devices for determining the erosion shear stress of intertidal sediments

Cited by 140 publications

References 17 publications

Surficial sediment erodibility from time-series measurements of suspended sediment concentrations: development and validation

Surficial sediment erodibility from time-series measurements of suspended sediment concentrations: development and validation

Erodibility of aquaculture waste from different bottom substrates

The influence of system scale on impinging jet sediment erosion: Observed using novel and standard measurement techniques

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