Neutron beam optimization for accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is investigated using a 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be reaction. Design and optimization have been carried out for the target, cooling system, moderator, filter, reflector, and collimator to achieve a high flux of epithermal neutron and satisfy the IAEA criteria. Also, the performance of the designed beam in tissue is assessed by using a simulated Snyder head phantom. The results show that the optimization of the collimator and reflector is critical to finding the best neutron beam based on the 7 Li(p,n) 7 Be reaction. Our designed beam has 2.49×10 9 n/cm 2 s epithermal neutron flux and is suitable for BNCT of deep-seated brain tumors.