A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking.

Cohen, Jerome D.; Bartsch, Glenn E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.70.3.284

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar increase of the SCN concentration in serum of normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women compared to nonsmokers was reported by Kosanović et al (2007). The results of this study related to higher levels of COHb and SCN in rats exposed to nontreated tobacco smoke are also in agreement with the study of Cohen et al (1980) who reported such results in 191 non-smokers and 426 cigarette smokers.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat

Vukomanovi¹,

Jokanovi²,

Radosavljevi³

2011

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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In this study, we have investigated the toxic effects of tobacco smoke obtained from cigarettes treated in pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat. The treatment of cigarettes was accomplished before the initiation of animal studies after exposure of standard cigarettes to pulsed electromagnetic irradiation of low power (>10 -7 W) and wide frequency spectrum (30 Hz to 300 GHz) during 24 h according to the technology described in patents WO 01/26493, EP 1092354, US 2004/0206366A1 and AU2933700 entitled "Method for the Qualitative Improvement of the Products of Tobacco Plant". Rats of both sexes were exposed to tobacco smoke obtained after burning 16 or 32 cigarettes per day during 90 days. The toxicity was assessed on the basis of clinical appearance, changes in behavior, biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke (carboxyhemoglobin in blood and thiocyanates in serum) and histopathological and morphological analysis of the lungs of all animals included in the study. The results obtained have shown that, the smoke generated from treated cigarettes formed significantly lower amount of carboxyhemoglobin in rats of both sexes when compared to standard nontreated cigarettes and the effect was dose-dependent. Tobacco smoke obtained from standard nontreated cigarettes induced significant dose-dependent increase of thiocyanate concentration in serum. However, in rats exposed to the smoke of treated cigarettes, there were no differences in thiocynate concentration when compared to controls not exposed to tobacco smoke. The results of morphometrical analysis in the rats exposed to tobacco smoke generated from standard nontreated cigarettes have shown statistically significant and dose-dependent decrease in participation of the lung parenchima in total lung surface up to 34% in male rats and up to 18% in female rats exposed to the higher dose of nontreated cigarette smoke. In addition, in these rats the mean alveolar circumference was incresed for about 17%. In rats exposed to the smoke of treated cigarettes there were no histopathological changes and differences in morphometrical parameters when compared to control animals. In conclusion, the results of this study have shown that, after treatment of cigarettes in pulsed electromagnetic field, the cigarettes produced tobaco smoke that was much less toxic in rats of both sexes exposed by inhalation route during 90 days when compared to the same cigarettes that were not treated in electromagnetic field.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat

Vukomanovi¹,

Jokanovi²,

Radosavljevi³

2011

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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“…The mean COHb in our study group was 3.35% (±1.73). Our results showed that COHb levels among nonsmokers and smokers who smoked up to 10 cigarettes per day and 11-19 cigarettes per day were higher than those reported by Cohen and Bartsch [16], Smoking is implicated as a major contributing factor to the elevation of COHb among clean ers. A number of studies have suggested that cigarette smoking reduces working capacity in direct relation to the level of COHb present in the working person [1,2,11], In this study, the maximal working capacity was signifi cantly impaired (p < 0.05) among those sub jects who smoked 20 cigarettes per day or more; the difference ranged between 23 and 40%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Working Capacity

et al. 1992

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Physiological responses to exercise were measured in 39 males (19–45 years old) working as cleaners in the Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University. There was a graded reduction in maximum oxygen intake (VO_2max) of smokers. This reduction was greatest in those who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day. A statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) was recorded in forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) between smokers and nonsmokers. The results of this study provide quantitative evidence of the adverse effect of smoking on physical working capacity and show the impairment of ventilatory capacity caused by smoking.

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“…The false negative and false positive rates for the DETB extraction method in identifying smokers and non-smokers--namely, zero and 3% respectively-compare very favourably with the published results of other tests. False negative rates of 12-34% have been found when expired carbon monoxide was used for identification, 5-17% with blood carboxyhaemoglobin, 7-36% with serum or plasma thiocyanate, 5% for plasma continine, and 28% with a combination of serum thiocyanate and expired carbon monoxide.34 [17][18][19][20][21][22] The corresponding proportions of false positives in these studies were 1-5%, 0-19%, 2%, and 1% respectively.…”

Section: Dwussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

A simple, inexpensive urine test of smoking.

Peach¹,

Ellard²,

Jenner³

et al. 1985

Thorax

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Three novel colorimetric methods of detecting urinary nicotine metabolites called the barbituric acid, diethylthiobarbituric acid (DETB), and DETB extraction methods were evaluated for use as a simple, cheap, objective test of smoking. Urine samples were collected from 103 male smokers and 78 male non-smokers working at two London factories. The smokers recorded the number of cigarettes smoked over the previous 36 hours. All three methods correctly classified the smokers. The DETB extraction method had a lower false positive rate (averaging 3% on morning and afternoon urine samples) than either the DETB or the barbituric acid method (12% and 6% respectively) and was the best procedure for classifying subjects as "smokers" or "non-smokers." When a quantitative variant of the barbituric acid method was used there was a significant correlation (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) between the ratios of urinary nicotine metabolites to creatinine and the number of cigarettes smoked. The ratios for smokers of 6-15, 16-25, and 26 or more cigarettes, however, overlapped considerably. The methods can be performed very rapidly and the reagent cost is equivalent to less than lp per test.

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A comparison between carboxyhemoglobin and serum thiocyanate determinations as indicators of cigarette smoking.

Cited by 54 publications

References 12 publications

The effects of tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat

The effects of tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes exposed to pulsed electromagnetic field in the rat

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Working Capacity

A simple, inexpensive urine test of smoking.

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