A comparison between fossil and synthetic kerosene flames from the perspective of soot emissions in a swirl spray RQL burner

Helou, Ingrid El; Foale, Jenna M.; Pathania, Rohit S.; Ciardiello, Roberto; Skiba, A.; Mastorakos, Epaminondas

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125608

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, the soot f v reduction measured here is 50% larger than that attained in a laboratory-scale RQL combustor . This could be attributed to potentially more homogeneous mixing of soot with oxidizing gas by employing the current jet configuration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The latter is derived by accounting for the realistic agglomerate structure of soot that is essential to close its mass balance . Increasing [O 2 ] from 0 to 5 vol % enhances soot f v by 80% (Figure ) due to the PAH formation and adsorption on the soot surface, consistent with the soot f v increase after injection of small amounts of air downstream of synthetic fuel combustion . Soot N t also increases by 25%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…20 Furthermore, the soot f v reduction measured here is 50% larger than that attained in a laboratory-scale RQL combustor. 17 This could be attributed to potentially more homogeneous mixing of soot with oxidizing gas by employing the current jet configuration. The soot f v = 5 × 10 −11 obtained here at [O 2 ] = 25 vol % is on par with the f v = 3 × 10 −11 to 6 × 10 −11 measured in a so-called "soot-free" LEAF combustor.…”

Section: Reducing Surrogate Aviation Soot Emissions By O 2 -Containin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Raman spectroscopy showed that the oxidative reactivity of soot increases with its amorphous carbon content . Recently, the impact of air injection downstream of jet fuel combustion was elucidated in a laboratory RQL combustor . The rather small air flow rates used there resulted in low O 2 concentrations downstream of the combustor that reduced soot f v up to 40%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 Recently, the impact of air injection downstream of jet fuel combustion was elucidated in a laboratory RQL combustor. 17 The rather small air flow rates used there resulted in low O 2 concentrations downstream of the combustor 17 that reduced soot f v up to 40%. The limited reduction of soot f v in current RQL combustors can be attributed to the inhomogeneity of temperature and gas profiles that result in regions with high concentrations of soot that survive oxidation and exit the combustor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Elimination of Soot Emissions from Jet Fuel Combustion

Kelesidis

Nagarkar

Trivanovic

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soot from jet fuel combustion in aircraft engines contributes to global warming through the formation of contrail cirrus clouds that make up to 56% of the total radiative forcing from aviation. Here, the elimination of such emissions is explored through N 2 injection (containing 0−25 vol % O 2 ) at the exhaust of enclosed spray combustion of jet fuel that nicely emulates aircraft soot emissions. It is shown that injecting N 2 containing 5 vol % of O 2 enhances the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that adsorb on the surface of soot. This increases soot number density and volume fraction by 25 and 80%, respectively. However, further increasing the O 2 concentration to 20 or 25 vol % enhances oxidation and nearly eliminates soot emissions from jet fuel spray combustion, reducing the soot number density and volume fraction by 87.3 or 95.4 and 98.3 or 99.6%, respectively. So, a judicious injection of air just after the aircraft engine exhaust can drastically reduce soot emissions and halve the radiative forcing due to aviation, as shown by soot mobility, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (for the organic to total carbon ratio) measurements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%