A Comparison Between the Effects of a Tetanus and the Effects of Sympathomimetic Amines on Fast‐ and Slow‐contracting Mammalian Muscles

Bowman, W. C.; Goldberg, A. A. J.; Raper, C.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01451.x

Cited by 69 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It does not follow, however, that the apparent facilitatory action of noradrenaline on cholinergic nerve activity in the LMAMA is due to an effect on the cholinergic nerves, as is the case of the cholinergic nerves supplying skeletal muscle (Bowman, Goldberg & Raper, 1962;Bowman & Raper, 1966) and some smooth muscle (Christensen & Daniel, 1966). First, in the LMAMA adrenergic nerves were being stimulated simultaneously with cholinergic nerves (Bolton, 1968a), and second, there is no doubt that a-receptors are present on the LMAMA (see responses to noradrenaline 1 gg/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter substances in the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl

Bolton¹

1969

British J Pharmacology

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1. Changes in length of the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl (LMAMA) were recorded isotonically. 2. The actions of physostigmine and hyoscine suggest that the tone of the LMAMA is dependent on a resting release of acetylcholine within the tissue. 3. Catecholamines inhibited the contractions obtained in response to stimulation of cholinergic nerves; this was a ,-receptor effect. After p-receptor blockade, noradrenaline, but not isoprenaline, weakly facilitated the effects of stimulating cholinergic nerves. 4. In the presence of hyoscine, nicotine relaxed preparations of the LMAMA in which the tone had been raised with barium chloride. These relaxations were considered to be due to a release of catecholamine probably from sympathetic nerves.The longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl (LMAMA) differs from the smooth muscle of arteries such as the rabbit aorta (Furchgott, 1955) and the sheep carotid (Keatinge, 1966) in that it exhibits " singleunit" activity and is capable of much larger percentage changes in length. Moreover, it is unlike most other vascular muscle in that it is relaxed by noradrenaline and strongly contracted by low concentrations of acetylcholine. Furthermore, it is unique among vascular muscles so far described in that it is supplied both by excitatory cholinergic nerves and by inhibitory adrenergic nerves (Bolton, 1966(Bolton, , 1968a. Results presented in this paper suggest that neurotransmitter substances may also be released both spontaneously and in response to nicotine, thus providing further evidence for the existence of these two types of innervation. The physiological antagonism by catecholamines of the effects of acetylcholine released by cholinergic nerve stimulation is also examined. * Present address.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter substances in the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl

Bolton¹

1969

British J Pharmacology

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“…2), a phenomenon observed also in the whole soleus muscle (Brown & Euler, 1938;Bowmans, Goldberger & Raper, 1962; see also Close, 1972), but not among gastrocnemius S units (Burke et al 1973). It may be that the differences in ATPase staining between the two groups of S unit muscle fibres, particularly after acidic pre-incubation (Ac ATPase; P1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor units in cat soleus muscle: physiological, histochemical and morphological characteristics

Burke¹,

Levine²,

Salcman³

et al. 1974

The Journal of Physiology

287

115

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SUMMARY1. Physiological properties of motor units in the soleus muscle were studied in anaesthetized cats using intracellular stimulation of motoneurones to ensure functional isolation of single units. The muscle fibres belonging to 6 units were identified by glycogen depletion following prolonged stimulation, permitting analysis of their histochemical profiles and anatomical organization.2. The studied units in soleus were all classed as type S and were extremely resistant to fatigue during prolonged stimulation. Twitch contraction times ranged from 64 to 131 msec (mean 97-1 msec) and tetanic tensions ranged from 3-5 to 36 g (mean 10.5 g). Most units exhibited depression of twitch tension in the wake of a short high-frequency tetanus and few of the units showed any significant degree of post-tetanic twitch potentiation.3. Muscle fibres belonging to single soleus motor units were found to be scattered through territorial volumes occupying a large fraction of the total muscle volume. The available data suggest that different soleus motoneurones may innervate from less than 50 to more than 400 muscle fibres, with an average innervation ratio between 140 and 190 muscle fibres per unit.4. The results were compared with observations on type S motor units in the synergist gastrocnemius, obtained under similar conditions. The R. E. BURKE AND OTHERS evidence suggests that soleus units are not equivalent to the type S units of the mixed gastrocnemius but rather constitute a unique population.

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“…Since sympathomimetic-amines facilitate neuromuscular transmission by stimulating a-adrenoceptors (Bowman et al, 1962;Bowman & Nott, 1970;Tomita, 1975), it was unlikely that terbutaline (a p2-agonist) potentiated force by acting at the neuromuscular junction. This was confirmed when ter-…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of β‐adrenoceptor activation on contraction in isolated fast‐ and slow‐twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the rat

Cairns

Dulhunty

1993

British J Pharmacology

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1 The aim of the experiments was to examined the effects of P-adrenoceptor activation on twitch and tetanic contractions in fast-and slow-twitch mammalian skeletal muscle fibres. Isometric force was recorded from bundles of intact fibres isolated from the normal and denervated slow-twitch soleus and normal fast-twitch sternomastoid muscles of the rat.2 Terbutaline (10 .tM), a P2-adrenoceptor agonist, induced an average 15% potentiation of peak twitch and peak tetanic force in normal soleus fibres and abbreviated twitch and tetanic relaxation. In whiteand red-sternomastoid fibres, 10 fLM terbutaline potentiated peak twitch force by about 7% and slowed twitch relaxation. 3 The potentiation of twitches and tetani by terbutaline was quantitatively similar in normal and denervated soleus fibres. However, in contrast to the normal soleus, terbutaline slowed twitch relaxation and had no effect on tetanic relaxation in denervated soleus fibres.4 Adrenaline (10 pM) increased peak tetanic force by about 7% in both normal and denervated soleus fibres.5 Exposure to (±)-propranolol (0.1 ELM), a general P-adrenoceptor blocker, completely abolished the tetanus potentiation by terbutaline.6 Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (2 mM) mimicked the effects of 10I LM terbutaline on peak tetanic force and tetanic relaxation in normal and denervated soleus fibres. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP also potentiated peak twitch force in denervated soleus fibres but only after a brief period of twitch depression: the twitch depression might be due to butyrate. 7 The results suggest that the increase in peak twitch and tetanic force and abbreviation of tetanic relaxation induced by terbutaline depend on the activation of P-adrenoceptors and a consequent increase in the myoplasmic cyclic AMP concentration.

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A Comparison Between the Effects of a Tetanus and the Effects of Sympathomimetic Amines on Fast‐ and Slow‐contracting Mammalian Muscles

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter substances in the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl

Spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter substances in the longitudinal muscle of the anterior mesenteric artery of the domestic fowl

Motor units in cat soleus muscle: physiological, histochemical and morphological characteristics

The effects of β‐adrenoceptor activation on contraction in isolated fast‐ and slow‐twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the rat

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