A comparison in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and the medial longitudinal arch angle during toe curl and short foot exercises

Jung, Do-Young; Kim, Moon-Hwan; Koh, Eun-Kyung; Kwon, Oh-Yun; Cynn, Heon-Seock; Lee, Won-Hwee

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.08.001

Cited by 153 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Many studies have reported that the ND is correlated with foot pronation, which is linked to the stability of the MLA 11,13,30) . Moreover, the intrinsic plantar musculature clearly plays a significant role in supporting this structure 21,31) . Consequently, the ND is a useful measurement for understanding the biomechanical relationship between the MLA structures and intrinsic foot muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, short foot exercises are recommended for activating the AH 32,33) . Jung et al reported that the AH plays a role in plantarflexion, which stabilizes the midfoot against the ground during the stance phase of gait 31) . Therefore, in the MLA supporting complex, the AH function may increase ND, inducing excessive pronation during static one-leg standing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship between Activity of Abductor Hallucis and Navicular Drop in the One-leg Standing Position

Nam¹,

Kwon

2012

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract. [Purpose] This study examined whether abductor hallucis (AH) activity in the one-leg-standing position can be used to predict the navicular drop (ND) when it is or is not actively supporting the medial longitudinal arch.[Subjects] Forty healthy subjects without foot or ankle problems were recruited.[Methods] For all subjects, the ND was measured as the difference in navicular height between the subtalar joint resting (STJR) and subtalar joint neutral (STJN) positions while standing. AH activity was measured in both positions during one-leg standing.[Results] AH muscle activity in the STJR position was significantly negatively correlated with the ND, while AH muscle activity in the STJN position was not. Using a simple regression model, AH activity predicted the ND based on the STJR position.[Conclusion] The results suggest that AH activity is a good predictor of the ND. Therefore, intervention that activates the AH in the one-leg standing position could be used to correct the ND.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Activity of Abductor Hallucis and Navicular Drop in the One-leg Standing Position

Nam¹,

Kwon

2012

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…This muscle weakness, however, was not evident at the ankle, as there were no significant differences in ankle dorsiflexion strength among the three participant groups. Intrinsic foot muscles such as the abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis and flexor digitorum brevis make specific contributions to supporting the MLA [31] and have been found to be reduced in individuals with a lowered arch [32]. This reduced muscle strength may contribute to the increased foot pain evident in the obese participants, possibly due to an inability of the weaker foot muscles to maintain structural integrity of their feet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese older adults suffer foot pain and foot-related functional limitation

Mickle

Steele

2015

Gait & Posture

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There is evidence to suggest being overweight or obese places adults at greater risk of developing foot complications such as osteoarthritis, tendonitis and plantar fasciitis. However, no research has comprehensively examined the effects of overweight or obesity on the feet of individuals older than 60 years of age. Therefore we investigated whether foot pain, foot structure, and/or foot function is affected by obesity in older adults. Three hundred and twelve Australian men and women, aged over 60 years, completed validated questionnaires to establish the presence of foot pain and health related quality of life. Foot structure (anthropometrics and soft tissue thickness) and foot function (ankle dorsiflexion strength and flexibility, toe flexor strength, plantar pressures and spatiotemporal gait parameters) were also measured. Obese participants (BMI >30) were compared to those who were overweight (BMI = 25-30) and not overweight (BMI <25). Obese participants were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of foot pain and scored significantly lower on the SF-36. Obesity was also associated with foot-related functional limitation whereby ankle dorsiflexion strength, hallux and lesser toe strength, stride/step length and walking speed were significantly reduced in obese participants compared to their leaner counterparts. Therefore, disabling foot pain and altered foot structure and foot function are consequences of obesity for older adults, and impact upon their quality of life. Interventions designed to reduce excess fat mass may relieve loading of the foot structures and, in turn, improve foot pain and quality of life for older obese individuals. ABSTRACTThere is evidence to suggest being overweight or obese places adults at greater risk of developing foot complications such as osteoarthritis, tendonitis and plantar fasciitis, however, no research has comprehensively examined the effects of overweight or obesity on the feet of individuals older than 60 years of age. Therefore we investigated whether foot pain, foot structure, and/or foot function is affected by obesity in older adults. 312 Australian men and women, aged over 60 years, completed validated questionnaires to establish the presence of foot pain and health related quality of life. Foot structure (anthropometrics and soft tissue thickness) and foot function (ankle dorsiflexion strength and flexibility, toe flexor strength, plantar pressures and spatiotemporal gait parameters) were also measured. Obese participants (BMI >30) were compared to those who were overweight (BMI = 25-30) and not overweight (BMI <25). Obese participants were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of foot pain and scored significantly lower on the SF-36. Obesity was also associated with footrelated functional limitation whereby ankle dorsiflexion strength, hallux and lesser toe strength, stride/step length and walking speed were significantly reduced in obese participants compared to their leaner counterparts. Therefore, disabling foot pain and altered f...

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“…Unfortunately, literature describing the individual activation levels for most of the intrinsic foot muscles during specific exercises is lacking. Surface electromyography 4,6,13,18 (sEMG) has been used to describe activation of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and quadratus plantae, but the small sizes and close proximity of these muscles increase the risk for crosstalk from adjacent and underlying muscles. 19 Intramuscular EMG with fine-wire electrodes has been used to observe activation and minimize crosstalk of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and quadratus plantae during gait.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Foot Muscle Activation During Specific Exercises: A T2 Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Gooding

Feger

Hart

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: The intrinsic foot muscles maintain the medial longitudinal arch and aid in force distribution and postural control during gait. Impaired intrinsic foot-muscle function has been linked to various foot conditions. Several rehabilitative exercises have been proposed to improve it; however, literature that identifies which individual muscles are activated during specific intrinsic foot-muscle exercises is lacking.Objective: To describe changes in activation of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles after 4 exercises as measured with T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Intervention(s): Participants underwent T2 MRI before and after each exercise. They completed 1 set of 40 repetitions of each exercise (short-foot exercise, toes spread out, first-toe extension, second-to fifth-toes extension).Main Outcome Measure(s): Percentage increases in muscle activation of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis oblique, flexor hallucis brevis, and interossei and lumbricals (analyzed together) after each exercise were assessed using T2 MRI.Results: All muscles showed increased activation after all exercises. The mean percentage increase in activation ranged from 16.7% to 34.9% for the short-foot exercise, 17.3% to 35.2% for toes spread out, 13.1% to 18.1% for first-toe extension, and 8.9% to 22.5% for second-to fifth-toes extension. All increases in activation had associated 95% confidence intervals that did not cross zero.Conclusions: Each of the 4 exercises was associated with increased activation in all of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles evaluated. These results may have clinical implications for the prescription of specific exercises to target individual intrinsic foot muscles.Key Words: short-foot exercise, muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging, toes spread out, medial longitudinal arch Key PointsClinicians can prescribe the short-foot exercise, toes-spread-out exercise, first-toe-extension exercise, and secondto fifth-toes-extension exercise to activate the intrinsic foot muscles. These exercises can result in a 9% to 35% increase in intrinsic foot-muscle activity.

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A comparison in the muscle activity of the abductor hallucis and the medial longitudinal arch angle during toe curl and short foot exercises

Cited by 153 publications

References 31 publications

The Relationship between Activity of Abductor Hallucis and Navicular Drop in the One-leg Standing Position

The Relationship between Activity of Abductor Hallucis and Navicular Drop in the One-leg Standing Position

Obese older adults suffer foot pain and foot-related functional limitation

Intrinsic Foot Muscle Activation During Specific Exercises: A T2 Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

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