A Comparison of Adhesion Behavior of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins in Bonding Wood

Park, Seongsu; Jeong, Bora; Park, Byung‐Dae

doi:10.3390/f12081037

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During the past decades, cocondensed resins by introducing melamine or phenol into UF resins have been intensively studied and developed, and the obtained resins were called melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) or phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) resins. − With higher functionality of melamine and phenol, MUF and PUF exhibited better bonding performance and lower formaldehyde emission. Currently, these resins are still in application in the wood industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Branched Polyurea-Based Resins: Clean Synthesis and Wood Bonding Performance

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Development of green and safe adhesives with high performance is important for sustainability of the wood industry. In this work, highly branched polyureas (HBPUs) were synthesized via polycondensations of urea (U) with triethylenetetramine by a one-pot and one-step strategy. Structural characterization studies by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, electrospray ionization−mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography determination, and thermogravimetric analysis were also performed. HBPU solutions were used as formaldehyde-free wood adhesives and exhibited good bonding performance. The effects of the synthetic conditions and hot-press on bonding performance were investigated and discussed. Best bonding performance was achieved with a U/TETA molar ratio of 3.0, a reaction time of 13 h and a hot-press temperature of 220 °C.HBPUs were further reacted with formaldehyde (F) in different low F/U molar ratios to produce HBPU−formaldehyde (HBPUF) resins. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the HBPUF resins exhibited similar curing behavior to conventional urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, but relatively lower cure temperature. When HBPUF resins were used as wood adhesives, they showed better bonding performance and a much lower formaldehyde emission level than UF resin. Facile synthesis and satisfactory performance of HBPU and HBPUF resins make their applications in the wood industry promising.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Branched Polyurea-Based Resins: Clean Synthesis and Wood Bonding Performance

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins, a category of the commonest adhesives, are widely used in the wood industry for its advantages of low cost, fast curing, and high strength 1 . However, UF resin also has two main shortcomings of poor water resistance and high formaldehyde emission 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation kinetics of high‐performance urea‐formaldehyde resin prepared by replacing partial urea with soybean processing residue

He,

Guo,

Zhao

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, soybean meal was applied to replace partial urea to prepare high‐performance urea‐formaldehyde resin (SMUF). The optimum addition amount of soybean meal was screened by the basic properties of resin, the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the board. The activation energy (Ea) and reaction kinetics at different conversion rates were estimated by Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The results showed that when 5 wt% soybean meal was used to replace urea, the formaldehyde emission of plywood decreased by 19.23% and the bonding strength increased by 36.29%, which were 0.84 mg L−1 and 1.69 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of Urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin is improved. The thermal degradation Ea of SMUF is higher than that of UF, the reaction kinetic equation of both UF and SMUF are G(α) = [−ln (1 − α)]2. It is feasible to replace partial urea with soybean meal. When the addition level of soybean meal is 5 wt%, SMUF has better comprehensive performance. When the addition level of soybean meal is 10–20 wt%, the bonding strength of plywood is higher than that of UF, but the formaldehyde emission is higher. How to reduce the formaldehyde emission will be the direction of future research.

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“…They determine the performance of bonded products. Among the wood adhesives used, formaldehyde-based resins such as urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehylde (PF), melamine-formaldehyde (MF), and their co-condensed resin are the dominant resins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. However, their drawback is that formaldehyde has been classed as toxic and carcinogenic, and so is formaldehyde emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Green Resin Wood Adhesive from Synthetic Polyamide Crosslinking with Glyoxal

Zhang

Pizzi

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Glyoxal is considered to be the most likely substitute for formaldehyde to synthesize resin adhesives for wood bonding due to its reactivity, structural characteristics, being non-toxic, low volatility, and acceptable cost. Regrettably, the performance of the resin synthesized using glyoxal to directly replace all formaldehyde is not totally satisfactory, especially as it has almost no water resistance. This makes such a simple alternative fail to be suitable for industrial production. To prepare an environment-friendly glyoxal-based adhesive with good bonding performance, the work presented here relies first on reacting citric acid and hexamethylene diamine, producing a polyamide, with glyoxal, and then crosslinking it, thus synthesizing a thermosetting resin (namely CHG) adhesive and applying it for plywood bonding. The plywood prepared exhibits excellent dry and wet shear strength, which are better than GB/T9846-2015 standard requirements (≥0.7 MPa), and even after being soaked in hot water at 63 °C for 3 h, its strength is still as high as 1.35 MPa. The CHG resin is then potentially an adhesive for industrial application for replacing UF (urea-formaldehyde) and MUF (melamine-urea-formaldehyde) adhesives for wood composites.

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A Comparison of Adhesion Behavior of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins with Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Resins in Bonding Wood

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Highly Branched Polyurea-Based Resins: Clean Synthesis and Wood Bonding Performance

Highly Branched Polyurea-Based Resins: Clean Synthesis and Wood Bonding Performance

Thermal degradation kinetics of high‐performance urea‐formaldehyde resin prepared by replacing partial urea with soybean processing residue

A Green Resin Wood Adhesive from Synthetic Polyamide Crosslinking with Glyoxal

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