A Comparison of &amp;OV0422;t and a-vO2 in Individuals with HIV Taking and Not Taking HAART

Cade, W. Todd; Fantry, Lori E.; Nabar, Sharmila R.; Shaw, Donald; Keyser, Randall E.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000074567.61400.93

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, physiological deconditioning alone cannot account for the severity of the limitation associated with PLWH [69]. Another explanation for the reduced VO 2 max observed in PLWH especially those in clinical stage I may be due to reduced ability of the exercising musculature to extract and utilize oxygen and highly active anti-retroviral therapy [HAART] also appears to limit peak oxygen uptake [19]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health-related quality of life and physical functioning in people living with HIV/AIDS: a case–control design

Mbada

Onayemi

Ogunmoyole

et al. 2013

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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BackgroundHealth-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and functional exercise capacity are important area of therapeutic interventions needed to improve the general health of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). However, the relationship between self-report and Performance-based Measure of Functional Capacity (PMFC) of PLWH is still obscure. This study compared the HRQoL and PMFC between a homogenous sample of clinical stage I PLWH and apparently healthy controls.MethodsThis case–control study involved 74 consenting participants (37 PLWH and 37 controls) who completed the self-report SF-12 questionnaire and PMFC assessment using Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). PMFC was expressed in terms of Six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), Six-Minute Walk Work (6MWW) and Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and inferential statistics of independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s product moment correlation. Alpha level was set at 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the SF-12 Physical-health Component Score (PCS) of PLWH and the controls (p = 0.782). However, the SF-12 Mental-health Component Score (MCS) of PLWH was higher than that of controls (p = 0.040). 6MWD, 6MWW and VO2max were significantly lower for PLWH (p < 0.05). Among PLWH, there was no significant gender differences in the PMFC (p > 0.05) while PCS was higher among females. There was no significant correlation between PMFC variables and each of PCS and MCS for PLWH and controls (p > 0.05) respectively.ConclusionSelf-report physical health of clinical stage 1 PLWH and controls was comparable, while self-report mental health capacity was higher in PLWH than the controls. PMFC of PLWH was significantly lower compared to healthy controls without gender bias. Overall, self-report and performance-based measure of physical functional capacity of PLWH was not inter-related. Therefore understanding the factors that may influence exercise capacity of PLWH may help to develop effective exercise programmes for PLWH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional exercise capacity is believed to be depressed in PLWH [17-19]. The mechanism explaining the relationship between HIV/AIDS and functional exercise capacity is somewhat intricate and complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-related quality of life and physical functioning in people living with HIV/AIDS: a case–control design

Mbada

Onayemi

Ogunmoyole

et al. 2013

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Across disciplines, researchers are required to demonstrate that ethical considerations have been made, with appropriate steps taken to address any issues identified (Banks & Manners 2012;Farrimond, 2013;Hammersley & Traianou, 2012). This is also true of design research, where a commitment to constant and consistent maintenance of ethical design is positioned alongside the ethical principles of disciplinary practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics by Design. Exploring Experiences of Harmony and Dissonance in Ethical Practice.

2019

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The positioning of design research as a response to complex challenges across disciplines, underpinned by participatory approaches highlights both a growing awareness of the discipline, and the recognition that design can offer a new perspective for exploration and innovation. However, critical to successful adoption of design research methodologies is an understanding of ethical practices that are inherent within the discipline. This paper presents the findings of two participatory design workshops entitled 'Ethics by Design' which aimed to make visible the implicit ethical considerations underpinning the ethical practices within design research. Drawing on experiences of design researchers engaged in a health context, the workshops highlighted the challenges and underlying assumptions around ethics emerging from design research in complex contexts. This paper posits that the ability of the design researcher to identify and acknowledge their own position is critical to delivering rigorous and robust design research capable of enabling co-ownership and co-direction.

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Central activation, muscle performance, and physical function in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus

et al. 2007

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Loss of muscle mass and limitations in activity have been reported in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even those who are otherwise asymptomatic. The extent to which factors other than muscle atrophy impair muscle performance has not been addressed in depth. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of neuromuscular activation of the knee extensors and ankle dorsiflexors of 27 men infected with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to muscle performance. The central activation ratio (CAR) was determined using superimposed electrical stimulation during maximum voluntary contractions. In addition to force and power measurements, muscle cross-sectional area and composition was evaluated using computed tomography. Aerobic capacity was determined from treadmill exercise testing. Eleven of the subjects had an impaired ability to activate the knee extensors (CAR = 0.72 ± 0.12) that was associated with weakness and decreased specific force. The reduced central activation was not associated with muscle area, body composition, aerobic capacity, CD4 count, or medication regimen. Those individuals with low central activation had higher HIV-1 viral loads and were more likely to have a history of AIDS-defining illness. These results suggest the possibility of a different mechanism contributing to muscle impairment in the current treatment era that is associated with impairment of central motor function rather than atrophy. Further investigation is warranted in a larger, more diverse population before more definitive claims are made.Keywords central activation; electrical stimulation; HIV infection; muscle cross-sectional area Loss of skeletal muscle mass has a significant impact on functional performance, independent function, and associated quality of life in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).1 , 36 Since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became the standard of care for HIV infection in 1995, the incidence of wasting (involuntary weight loss >10% ideal body weight) has declined, although it is still common.29 , 49 In the era of HAART, recent work indicates that HIV-associated weight loss is primarily due to fat 26,32 Identifying the factors beyond the reduction of muscle mass that contribute to impaired muscle function is required for optimizing the design of rehabilitation strategies to improve muscle strength and functional capacity in this chronically ill patient population.One factor that can reduce muscle force production in the absence of muscle atrophy is an impairment of central activation (i.e., the ability to activate the available muscle mass). Central activation failure has been shown to contribute significantly to muscle weakness in other clinical populations, e.g., in persons with osteoarthritis, cerebral palsy, or previous knee arthroplasty,14 , 31 , 39 and to negatively influence the relationship between muscle strength and physical function.14 The role of central activation in muscle performance in persons...

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A Comparison of &OV0422;t and a-vO2 in Individuals with HIV Taking and Not Taking HAART

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Health-related quality of life and physical functioning in people living with HIV/AIDS: a case–control design

Health-related quality of life and physical functioning in people living with HIV/AIDS: a case–control design

Ethics by Design. Exploring Experiences of Harmony and Dissonance in Ethical Practice.

Central activation, muscle performance, and physical function in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus

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