A comparison of Arctic BrO measurements by chemical ionization mass spectrometry and long path-differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Liao, J.; Sihler, Holger; Huey, L. G.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Tanner, David J.; Frieß, Udo; Platt, U.; Flocke, Frank; Orlando, John J.; Shepson, P. B.; Beine, H. J.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Sjostedt, Steven J.; Nowak, John B.; Knapp, D. J.; Staebler, R. M.; Zheng, Weiwei; Sander, R.; Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk

doi:10.1029/2010jd014788

Cited by 120 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Recently, novel observations of BrO (Liao et al, 2011) have shown that "BrO clouds" tend to be distributed homogeneously over scales of a few kilometres during ODEs, while Salawitch et al (2010) found that BrO columns are correlated with the height of the tropopause, although some "hotspots" are related to free-tropospheric or stratospheric intrusions.…”

Section: P S Monks Et Al: Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ozone holds a certain fascination in atmospheric science. It is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, central to tropospheric oxidation chemistry, yet harmful to human and ecosystem health as well as being an important greenhouse gas. It is not emitted into the atmosphere but is a byproduct of the very oxidation chemistry it largely initiates. Much effort is focused on the reduction of surface levels of ozone owing to its health and vegetation impacts, but recent efforts to achieve reductions in exposure at a country scale have proved difficult to achieve owing to increases in background ozone at the zonal hemispheric scale. There is also a growing realisation that the role of ozone as a short-lived climate pollutant could be important in integrated air quality climate change mitigation. This review examines current understanding of the processes regulating tropospheric ozone at global to local scales from both measurements and models. It takes the view that knowledge across the scales is important for dealing with air quality and climate change in a synergistic manner. The review shows that there remain a number of clear challenges for ozone such as explaining surface trends, incorporating new chemical understanding, ozone-climate coupling, and a better assessment of impacts. There is a clear and present need to treat ozone across the range of scales, a transboundary issue, but with an emphasis on the hemispheric scales. New observational opportunities are offered both by satellites and small sensors that bridge the scales.

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Section: P S Monks Et Al: Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

et al. 2015

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“…Depending on meteorological conditions, spectra were recorded with integration times ranging between 1 and 50 s. The LP-DOAS light paths were almost parallel to the coast and are therefore are used to represent the same air mass. Liao et al (2011) concluded that BrO is often distributed homogeneously on spatial scales of up to at least 4 km. Since the measurements from the LP-DOAS were collected within this distance, they are considered representative at the OOTI site.…”

Section: Bromine Monoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BrO measurements described in this paper were collected with a long-path DOAS (LP-DOAS) instrument (Platt and Stutz, 2008). The general set-up used in this study is described elsewhere (Frieß et al, 2011;Liao et al, 2011). The LP-DOAS telescope was located approximately 1 km inland on a building facing northwest.…”

Section: Bromine Monoxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

et al. 2013

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Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PHg) were collected on the Beaufort Sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, in March 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) and OASIS-Canada International Polar Year programmes. These results represent the first atmospheric mercury speciation measurements collected on the sea ice. Concentrations of PHg averaged 393.5 pg m⁻³ (range 47.1–900.1 pg m⁻³) and RGM concentrations averaged 30.1 pg m⁻³ (range 3.5–105.4 pg m⁻³) during the two-week-long study. The mean concentration of GEM during the study was 0.59 ng m⁻³ (range 0.01–1.51 ng m⁻³) and was depleted compared to annual Arctic ambient boundary layer concentrations. It is shown that when ozone (O₃) and bromine oxide (BrO) chemistry were active there is a positive linear relationship between GEM and O₃, a negative one between PHg and O₃, a positive correlation between RGM and BrO, and none between RGM and O₃. For the first time, GEM was measured simultaneously over the tundra and the sea ice. The results show a significant difference in the magnitude of the emission of GEM from the two locations, with significantly higher emission over the tundra. Elevated chloride levels in snow over sea ice are proposed to be the cause of lower GEM emissions over the sea ice because chloride has been shown to suppress photoreduction processes of RGM to GEM in snow. Since the snowpack on sea ice retains more mercury than inland snow, current models of the Arctic mercury cycle may greatly underestimate atmospheric deposition fluxes because they are based predominantly on land-based measurements. Land-based measurements of atmospheric mercury deposition may also underestimate the impacts of sea ice changes on the mercury cycle in the Arctic. The predicted changes in sea ice conditions and a more saline future snowpack in the Arctic could enhance retention of atmospherically deposited mercury and increase the amount of mercury entering the Arctic Ocean and coastal ecosystems

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“…The inorganic halogen species Br 2 , Cl 2 , BrO, and HOBr were measured in situ at a height of ∼ 1.5 m above the snowpack with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) employing I − ion chemistry. This method, as used in Barrow, and these observations have been published in Liao et al (2011Liao et al ( , 2012Liao et al ( , 2014. ClO was measured at a height of ∼ 3 m above the snowpack via chemical conversion to a stable, halogenated product followed by online separation and detection by gas chromatography with electron capture detection hyde (HCHO) concentrations were measured at 1 Hz frequency from the fixed tower using a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer as described in Fried et al (1997) and Lancaster et al (2000).…”

Section: R Thompson Et Al: Interactions Of Bromine Chlorine Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of bromine, chlorine, and iodine photochemistry during ozone depletions in Barrow, Alaska

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The springtime depletion of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic is known to be caused by active halogen photochemistry resulting from halogen atom precursors emitted from snow, ice, or aerosol surfaces. The role of bromine in driving ozone depletion events (ODEs) has been generally accepted, but much less is known about the role of chlorine radicals in ozone depletion chemistry. While the potential impact of iodine in the High Arctic is more uncertain, there have been indications of active iodine chemistry through observed enhancements in filterable iodide, probable detection of tropospheric IO, and recently, observation of snowpack photochemical production of I 2 . Despite decades of research, significant uncertainty remains regarding the chemical mechanisms associated with the bromine-catalyzed depletion of ozone, as well as the complex interactions that occur in the polar boundary layer due to halogen chemistry. To investigate this, we developed a zero-dimensional photochemical model, constrained with measurements from the 2009 OA-SIS field campaign in Barrow, Alaska. We simulated a 7-day period during late March that included a full ozone depletion event lasting 3 days and subsequent ozone recovery to study the interactions of halogen radicals under these different conditions. In addition, the effects of iodine added to our Base Model were investigated. While bromine atoms were primarily responsible for ODEs, chlorine and iodine were found to enhance the depletion rates and iodine was found to be more efficient per atom at depleting ozone than Br. The interaction between chlorine and bromine is complex, as the presence of chlorine can increase the recycling and production of Br atoms, while also increasing reactive bromine sinks under certain conditions. Chlorine chemistry was also found to have significant impacts on both HO 2 and RO 2 , with organic compounds serving as the primary reaction partner for Cl atoms. The results of this work highlight the need for future studies on the production mechanisms of Br 2 and Cl 2 , as well as on the potential impact of iodine in the High Arctic.

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A comparison of Arctic BrO measurements by chemical ionization mass spectrometry and long path-differential optical absorption spectroscopy

Cited by 120 publications

References 80 publications

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Tropospheric ozone and its precursors from the urban to the global scale from air quality to short-lived climate forcer

Atmospheric mercury over sea ice during the OASIS-2009 campaign

Interactions of bromine, chlorine, and iodine photochemistry during ozone depletions in Barrow, Alaska

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