A comparison of black and white children's WISC/WISC‐R differences

Munford, Paul R.; Meyerowitz, Beth E.; Munford, Arna M.

doi:10.1002/jclp.6120360215

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Radiolabeling studies with core-defective mutants (Re chemotype) and epimerase-defective mutants ( g a l 0 have led to the conclusion that the bands represent LPS constituents with increasing numbers of 0-side chains [1,5,6]. The LPS with the greatest mobility is the Re chemotype, with those of intermediate core lengths or semirough (one 0-side chain) having intermediate mobilities [2,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aberrant Migration of Lipopolysaccharide in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Poyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Hitchcock¹

1983

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Purified lipopolysaccharides of salmonellae strains were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pre-electrophoresis of polyacrylamide gels had no apparent effect on one-dimensional silver-stained lipopolysaccharide profiles. However, without pre-electrophoresis, two-dimensional and three-dimensional patterns contained numerous bands with varied migration patterns compared to those in the one-dimension gels. The lipopolysaccharide was altered within the polyacrylamide gel during electrophoresis. Pre-electrophoresis of gels eliminated aberrant migration patterns.Electrophoresis of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of an anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS/PAGE), has proved to be a powerful tool for separating and characterizing LPS [I -81. Interpretation of LPS SDSjPAGE patterns has been facilitated by the use of radiolabeling techniques with LPS mutants such as incorporation of isotopes into the 0-side chain, the core or the lipid A components and subsequent analysis of the distribution of isotopes in LPS SDSjPAGE patterns [2,5,6].The presence of SDS is thought to result in a reversible dissociation of LPS into subunits [3,9]. SDS probably binds to the lipid A region, perhaps to cationic sites plus adjacent hydrophobic regions [9]. Where it has been examined, the molar ratio of SDS bound to LPS is approximately half that bound to protein (0.63 versus 1.4) [C,]. Nonetheless, LPS has been reported to behave similarly to proteins in SDS/ PAGE, its migration characteristics depending upon size, not charge [1,4-81. In order to examine the possible contribution of LPS aggregation to the migration characteristics of LPS in the SDS/PAGE technique, LPSs of varying chemical composition were subjected to SDSjPAGE in one-dimensional, twodimensional, and three-dimensional (1 D, 2D, 3 D) systems. The use of an extremely sensitive silver-staining technique permitted visualization of very small quantities of LPS in the polyacrylamide gels [2]. MATERIALS A N D METHODS Li~n~ol~saccharide.sLPS from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 smooth (S) chemotype was extracted by the Westphal procedure [lo]. The phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether method of Galanos [I 1 ] was used to extract core-defective LPSs from S. typhimuriurn G3O/C21 deep rough (Re) and Salmonella minnesota R60 (Ra) and R4 (Rdz) mutants. LPS preparations contained < 1 "/, Abbreviations. LPS, lipopolysaccharide: SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; ID, 2D, and 3D, oncdimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional. Sodium Dodecyl S u l f a t e / P o l~a c r~l a m i~e Gel ElectrophoresisPreparations were subjected to SDS/PAGE using the Laemmli buffer system [13]. The 4 % stacking gel and the 12.5 XI separating gel did not contain SDS. Electrophoresis was done at 35 mA constant current, using Tris/glycine buffer with 0.1 : . . < SDS (pH 8.3) for approximately 2.5 h. Pre-electrophoresis for a minimum of 30 min was done before adding samples in some experiments; in most...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interpretation of LPS SDSjPAGE patterns has been facilitated by the use of radiolabeling techniques with LPS mutants such as incorporation of isotopes into the 0-side chain, the core or the lipid A components and subsequent analysis of the distribution of isotopes in LPS SDSjPAGE patterns [2,5,6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Aberrant Migration of Lipopolysaccharide in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Poyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Hitchcock¹

1983

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…Additionally, significant differences in subtest scores between African Americans and Caucasians have been found. Ethnically diverse children displayed subtest score discrepancies on several Wechsler subtests from the WISC and WISC-R (Munford, Meyerowitz, & Munford, 1980). Specifically, Caucasian children preformed approximately one standard deviation, or 2-4 points, higher than African American children on the Information, Comprehension, Arithmetic, Object Assembly, Picture Arrangement, and Block Design subtests.…”

Section: Jensen Reported Most Standardized Tests Of Intelligence Usmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ethnically diverse children also show similar subtest score discrepancies. Specifically, the Information, Comprehension, Arithmetic, Object Assembly, Picture Arrangement, and Block design subtests of the WISC and the WISC-R yielded differences between two to four points, with the largest difference displayed on Picture Arrangement and Object Assembly (Munford, Meyerowitz, & Munford, 1980). Furthermore, the research indicated an increasing gap in subtest performance between the revisions and researchers questioned the utility of the WISC-R with African American children.…”

Section: Racial Differences In Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile analysis of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition, with African American and Caucasian preschool children

Dale

McIntosh

Ward

et al. 2011

Psychology in the Schools

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This study used profile analysis to investigate the interpretability of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (KABC‐II), in terms of the Cattell‐Horn‐Carroll (CHC) theory among ethnically diverse preschool children. Forty‐nine African American and 49 Caucasian preschool children from a Midwestern city were included in the study and were matched for age, sex, and level of parental education. The profile analysis examining CHC broad abilities showed that the African American and Caucasian preschool children had similar patterns of highs and lows and performed at the same level with no significant difference between the two groups in their overall mean IQ. Profile analysis of the KABC‐II subtests found that although the African American and Caucasian groups performed overall at a similar level, they did not show the same pattern of highs and lows in subtest performance. Specifically, Caucasian preschoolers scored significantly higher than their African American counterparts on the Expressive Vocabulary subtest. Overall, the two groups displayed remarkably similar performance on the KABC‐II. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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1983

The Wechsler Enterprise

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A comparison of black and white children's WISC/WISC‐R differences

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Aberrant Migration of Lipopolysaccharide in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Poyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Aberrant Migration of Lipopolysaccharide in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/Poyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Profile analysis of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition, with African American and Caucasian preschool children

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