A comparison of circuit breaker technologies for medium voltage direct current distribution networks

Qawasmi, Ala; Soltau, Nils; Doncker, Rik W. De; Heidemann, Matthias; Nikolic, Gregor; Schnettler, Armin

doi:10.1109/tdc-la.2016.7805611

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Once the mechanical switch is able to withstand the TIV, the high‐voltage commutation branch can be blocked and the current will commutate into the arrester branch. The dead time of a hybrid DCCB is almost completely defined by the mechanical switch and is typically in the range of >3 ms [12–16].…”

Section: Evaluated System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A DC reactor of 10 mH (per pole) was inserted in Fig. 3 since every paper regarding DC breakers emphasises that a DC reactor is necessary to protect the hybrid DCCB against excessive DC fault currents during the mechanical delay time of the main branch [12–16, 26].…”

Section: Influence Of the DC Reactor On Hb‐type Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the security of supply, fast detection and clearing of transmission line insulation faults as well as reliable system recovery, however, the behaviour of the whole system (consisting of AC grid, converter, DCCB and DC transmission system) and all internal values needs to be taken into account. This is especially true if existing DC transmission systems are to be extended by so‐called ‘hybrid’ DCCBs [12, 14–16], for example in order to couple two formerly independent HVDC links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between a half‐bridge MMC and a hybrid DC breaker during fault current interruption compared to a full‐bridge MMC

Döring

Würflinger

Staudt

et al. 2020

IET power electron.

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The large‐scale integration of remote renewable energy resources into existing AC grids is one of the main drivers for the construction of multi‐terminal direct current (MTDC) systems. Today, a few MTDC systems are already in execution stage or even in operation. However, with a growing number of extended MTDC systems, the probability of high‐voltage DC (HVDC) insulation faults is likely to increase and therefore, reliable solutions for handling of such disturbances are crucial in order to maintain high availability. Since most HVDC converters are realised by modular multilevel converters (MMC) converters are based on half‐bridge (HB) modules, they lack an inherent capability to control DC fault currents. Therefore, additional equipment like HVDC breakers needs to be installed as well. Among the various breaker types, the so‐called ‘hybrid’ DC circuit breaker (DCCB) is considered most popular. This contribution provides a more holistic view on the overall system behaviour, represented AC grid, MMC HVDC converter, DC reactor and DCCB altogether. It discusses the physical interactions of these main components in MTDC systems. In particular, the influence of the electrical parameters of the hybrid DCCB and its required DC reactors on the MMC converter's internal current and voltage conditions is outlined.

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Section: Evaluated System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of the DC Reactor On Hb‐type Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between a half‐bridge MMC and a hybrid DC breaker during fault current interruption compared to a full‐bridge MMC

Döring

Würflinger

Staudt

et al. 2020

IET power electron.

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“…Identified technologies for electromechanical interruption include usage of air arc chute [18], gas [19] or vacuum chambers [20]. Existing electromechanical breaker designs are relatively large and [21], but combine fault interruption with isolation functions and maintain low power losses when conducting currents [22].…”

Section: A Fault Interrupters and Isolatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Solid-State Fault Interruption: Solid-state interruption technology is based on using controllable MOSFETs [23] or IGBTs [24] in order to rapidly interrupt the fault current. Solid-state switches can be used multiple times without a need for replacement but they do not provide galvanic fault isolation and generate much higher conduction losses under normal conditions [22] than electromechanical breakers. The highest maturity solid-state interrupters are in applications for aerospace [23], such as Solid State Power Controllers (SSPCs), and terrestrial grid distribution systems [24].…”

Section: A Fault Interrupters and Isolatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection and Fault Management Strategy Maps for Future Electrical Propulsion Aircraft

Flynn

Sztykiel

Jones

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Electrical propulsion has been identified as a key enabler of greener, quieter, more efficient aircraft. However, electrical propulsion aircraft (EPA) will need to demonstrate a level of safety and fault management at least equal to current aircraft. This will rely heavily on the capability and design of the electrical fault management (FM) system. Given the functional limitations and current lack of availability of FM technologies suitable for a future EPA application, strategic development of FM devices is required. Whilst there are a variety of roadmaps for EPA concepts and some of the key electrical components, the necessary strategic development of FM solutions targeted towards EPA has yet to be established. This paper proposes FM strategy maps which go beyond projections of expected development in various FM technologies to scope the feasibility of key FM solutions. This method can then be used to present FM technology projections, electrical oversizing and wider system redundancy alongside the various aircraft concepts in development. This results in strategy maps which capture the impact of any FM technology barrier on the viability of a given aircraft concept, enabling critical FM solutions to be integrated into the wider electrical system development. Index TermsFault management strategy map, electrical propulsion aircraft, electrical power systems, protection technology development. I. INTRODUCTIONElectrical propulsion has been identified as a key enabler of greener, quieter, more efficient aircraft. Novel electrical propulsion aircraft (EPA) will depend on the development of a range of electrical technologies, many of which are currently at low TRL (Technology Readiness Level). Given the risk that an EPA concept may rely on key technologies which may not be sufficiently developed as desired at the aircraft's point of entry into service, it is important to develop understanding of the particular challenges which must be addressed in bringing technologies to maturity. One of the most challenging set of technologies for EPA are the fault management (FM) devices,

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A Direct Current Circuit Breaker With the Grid Method

Pattanadech

Kando

2018

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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A comparison of circuit breaker technologies for medium voltage direct current distribution networks

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Interactions between a half‐bridge MMC and a hybrid DC breaker during fault current interruption compared to a full‐bridge MMC

Interactions between a half‐bridge MMC and a hybrid DC breaker during fault current interruption compared to a full‐bridge MMC

Protection and Fault Management Strategy Maps for Future Electrical Propulsion Aircraft

A Direct Current Circuit Breaker With the Grid Method

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