A Comparison of Clozapine and Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Refractory Schizophrenia

Rosenheck, Robert A.; Cramer, Joyce A.; Xu, Weichun; Thomas, J. Hywel; Henderson, William; Frisman, Linda K.; Fye, Carol L.; Charney, Dennis S.

doi:10.1056/nejm199709183371202

Cited by 489 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

181

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Six trials , 100 Lee 1994, 114 Tamminga 1994, 102 Essock 1996, 103 Rosenheck 1997, 105 Covington 2000 69 ) were longer than 26 weeks (long term); the remainder fell into the short-term category, with a maximum length of 20 weeks.…”

Section: Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six further studies (Honigfeld 1984, 88 Kane 1994, 100 Kumra 1996, 104 Rosenheck 1997, 105 Howanitz 1999, 106 Blinding had been applied in most studies: 35 were reported to be double-blind and two single-blind; only three studies (Lee 1994, 101 Essock 1996, 103 Chow 2000 73 ) lacked any blinding at all.…”

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 16 trials, only patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia were included (Klieser 1989, 89 Hong 1997, 95 Kane 1988, 99 Essock 1996, 103 Kumra 1996, 104 Rosenheck 1997, 105 Rosenheck 1998, 115 HGCF 2001 (Eli Lilly), Chowdhury 1999, 71 Bitter 1999, 74 Beasley 1999, 77 Oliemeulen 2000, 109 Bondolfi 1998, 110 Anand 1998, 111 Wahlbeck 2000 113 ). Only one trial was focused on children or adolescents suffering from schizophrenia (Kumra 1996).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

Bagnall

Jones

Ginnelly

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

151

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. Contact Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK. We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA Programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTAA systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia NHS R&D HTA ProgrammeT he NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme was set up in 1993 to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS.The research reported in this monograph was commissioned by the HTA Programme on behalf of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Technology assessment reports are completed in a limited time to inform the appraisal and guidance development processes managed by NICE. The review brings together evidence on key aspects of the use of the technology concerned. However, appraisals and guidance produced by NICE are informed by a wide range of sources.The research reported in this monograph was funded as project number 00/20/01.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the HTA Programme, NICE or the Department of Health. The editors wish to emphasise that funding and publication of this research by the NHS should not be taken as implicit support for any recommendations made by the authors. Criteria for inclusion in the HTA monograph seriesReports are published in the HTA monograph series if (1) they have resulted from work commissioned for the HTA Programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the referees and editors.Reviews in Health Technology Assessment are termed 'syst...

show abstract

Section: Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

Bagnall

Jones

Ginnelly

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

151

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of studies comparing the efficacy of clozapine with other drugs have indicated the usefulness of this atypical drug in both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Safferman et al 1991;Remington and Kapur 2000). The absence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) has been a significant factor in its efficacy (Rosenheck et al 1997). This unique profile of clozapine has resulted in an ongoing effort to develop drugs that have the "clozapine pharmacological profile" (Schaus and Bymaster 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Dopamine D-2 Receptor Occupancy by Clozapine, Risperidone, and Haloperidol In Vivo in the Rodent and Nonhuman Primate Brain Using 18F-Fallypride

Mukherjee

Christian

Narayanan

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We have fit HMMs to data from a comprehensive double-blind trial that compared the impact of haloperidol and clozapine, two medications for treating schizophrenia, on clinical outcomes, social, vocational and community functioning and societal costs (Rosenheck et al, 1997). This data set has already been studied using a cluster-based health state model, which will allow us to make direct comparisons between the HMM and cluster methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Markov Models for Longitudinal Comparisons

Scott

James

Sugar

2005

Journal of the American Statistical Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Medical researchers interested in temporal, multivariate measurements of complex diseases have recently begun developing health state models which divide the space of patient characteristics into medically distinct clusters. The current state of the art in health services research uses k-means clustering to form the health states and a first order Markov chain to describe transitions between the states. This fitting procedure ignores information from temporally adjacent observations and prevents uncertainty from parameter estimation and cluster assignments from being incorporated into the analysis. A natural way to address these issues is to combine clustering and longitudinal analyses using a hidden Markov model. We fit hidden Markov models to longitudinal data using Bayesian methods which account for all the uncertainty in the parameters, conditional only on the underlying correctness of the model. Potential lack of time homogeneity in the Markov chain is accounted for by embedding transition probabilities into a hierarchical model that provides Bayesian shrinkage across time. We illustrate this approach by developing a hidden Markov health state model for comparing the effectiveness of clozapine and haloperidol, two antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. We find that clozapine outperforms haloperidol and identify the types of patients where clozapine's advantage is greatest and weakest. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hidden Markov models in comparison with the current methodology.

show abstract

A Comparison of Clozapine and Haloperidol in Hospitalized Patients with Refractory Schizophrenia

Abstract: For patients with refractory schizophrenia and high levels of hospital use, clozapine was somewhat more effective than haloperidol and had fewer side effects and similar overall costs.

Cited by 489 publications

References 23 publications

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

Evaluation of Dopamine D-2 Receptor Occupancy by Clozapine, Risperidone, and Haloperidol In Vivo in the Rodent and Nonhuman Primate Brain Using 18F-Fallypride

Hidden Markov Models for Longitudinal Comparisons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About