A Comparison of Craniofacial Characteristics between Two Different Adult Populations with Class II Malocclusion—A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Abstract

The dental, skeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics of a particular malocclusion can differ based on ethnicity, race, age, sex and geographical location with Class II malocclusion being one of the most prevalent malocclusions encountered in orthodontic clinical practice. The broad understanding of the characteristics of vertical skeletal and dental parameters in patients with Class II malocclusion can help clinicians to identify patterns and variations in the expression of this phenotype for better treatment outcomes. Hence, we compared the craniofacial characteristics of skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion traits from Indian and Vietnamese individuals to analyze the vertical skeletal and dental patterns in both population groups. The sample comprised of lateral cephalograms from 100 young adults with Class II malocclusion, of which fifty (25 males and 25 females) were from South India and the other 50 age- and sex-matched adults from Vietnam. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were digitized into anonymous image files and were traced and assessed for 16 vertical skeletal and dental parameters. The ANB angle was greater in males (+1.4 deg; p < 0.001) and females (+1.9 deg; p < 0.001) in the South Indian population. The Vietnamese males had a larger mandibular plane angle, articular angle, anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height compared to the Indian males. The Vietnamese females had larger mandibular plane and articular angles compared to the Indian females. The skeletal class II malocclusion was more severe in the South Indian compared to the Vietnamese adults. The Vietnamese sample showed a generalized tendency towards a more vertical skeletal growth pattern and in males this pattern seemed to be due to the dentoalveolar component. The Vietnamese females showed a tendency towards a vertical growth pattern, but without apparent contribution by the dentoalveolar component.

Association of Upper Lip Morphology Characteristics with Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Cross Sectional Study

“…Most of existing cephalometric analysis were originally developed by orthodontics in western countries, thus the reference values of cephalometric indices were standardized mainly according to Caucasians [ 28 , 29 ]. Nowadays, increased studies on the distribution of different skeletal patterns and standard values of cephalometric indices have been conducted in different countries and regions [ 2 , 26 , 30 , 31 ], hence it is necessary for us to develop the first study with adequate sample size in Chinese population.…”

“…Gender is one of the most often-mentioned variates, with multiple studies showing that male patients tend to have thicker soft tissue compared with females with the same skeletal patterns, but the significance of gender difference varies among different skeletal patterns [ 6 , 10 , 38 ]. Race, as abovementioned, is an important genetic factor influencing soft tissue responding to skeletal patterns [ 30 ]. Age-related difference in soft tissue has also been commonly involved [ 2 , 39 ].…”

Palatal plane inclination on vertical growth pattern among Indians

“…Although palatal plane is stable, it is highly variable in its inclination [ 30 ]. Larger basal plane angles are mostly common with open bite cases, which is due to both mandibular plane as well as palatal plane [ 31 ]. Studies show that the sagittal orientation of the palatal plane is stable, owing to the parallel natures of the growth curves, which is longitudinal in nature [ 32 ].…”

Prevalence of Spacing Malocclusion in Local Population Visiting a Dental College

“…[18] Our team has extensive knowledge and research experience that has translated into high quality publications. [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31]- [35] [36], [37], [38] This study aims at finding the prevalence of spacing in a specific South Indian population.…”