A comparison of Doppler and biophysical findings between liveborn and stillborn growth-restricted fetuses

A Uniform Management Approach to Optimize Outcome in Fetal Growth Restriction

“…16,55 Importantly, however, terminal deterioration resulting in stillbirth occurs more rapidly and unanticipated in term FGR. 56 Therefore, a closer surveillance is required after 34 weeks, and new onset of Doppler abnormalities at this age should raise consideration for delivery.…”

Diagnosis and surveillance of late-onset fetal growth restriction

“…While in early-onset FGR the typical pattern of deterioration progresses from escalating abnormalities in Doppler parameters to abnormal biophysical parameters, 3,4 in late-onset FGR there is a common pattern of normal or minimally elevated umbilical Doppler indices with mildly abnormal cerebral Doppler, but without obvious cardiovascular changes beyond these findings. 5,6 Contrary to early-onset FGR, in late-onset FGR the association with preeclampsia is weak.…”

Transabdominal Insonation of Fetal Basilar Artery: A Feasibility Study

“…Fetal anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries have been studied using transabdominal Doppler ultrasound . The peak flow velocity values within these arteries have been used to identify or characterize fetal anemia and polycythemia, and intra‐uterine growth retardation . These insonation protocols do not report on insonation of basilar artery.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] The peak flow velocity values within these arteries have been used to identify or characterize fetal anemia and polycythemia, and intra-uterine growth retardation. [5][6][7] These insonation protocols do not report on insonation of basilar artery. The vertebrobasilar circulation achieves its mature configuration and caudo cephalic flow by 9 weeks of gestation.…”