A comparison of effects of body weight and feed intake on digestion in broiler cockerels with effects of tannins

Abstract

The effects of body size and feed intake on N digestibility, pancreas and Liver weight, and digestive enzyme activities in male broiler chicks were compared with those induced by dietary tannins. Four groups (SSM, ad lib., pair-fed and young) of sixteen birds each (2 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. They were fed on experimental diets for 4 weeks, except the young group which were fed from age 15 d to 24 d only. Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with (SSM) or without salseed (Shorea robusta) meal (CONTROL) were used. SSM diet was fed ad lib. to SSM group and control diet was fed ad lib. to ad fib. and young birds and to pair-fed birds at same intake level as SSM birds. Birds fed ad lib. utilized their diet more efficiently than the SSM and pair-fed birds. Digestibility of N, both apparent and ileal, was substantially lower with SSM diet than with the control diet. Each of the treatments induced enlargement of the pancreas (g pancreas/kg Live weight) when compared with ad lib. birds. There was no difference between the relative liver weights of SSM and ad lib. birds; however, pair-fed and young birds had comparatively bigger Livers. In pair-fed birds the trypsinogen activity of pancreatic tissue (U/g pancreatic tissue) was significantly depressed but there was a significant elevation in trypsinogen (U/kg live weight) activity in SSM birds; again pair-fed birds exhibited the lowest value for this variable. Compared with control birds all the other treatments resulted in significant depression of a-amylase (EC 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 ) activity in pancreatic tissue (U/g) and jejunal digesta (U/g), but because of pancreatic enlargement a-amylase activity per kg live weight was significantly lower only in SSM birds. The activity of trypsin (EC 3.4.21 .4) in jejunal digesta was very low in SSM birds, but it was slightly higher in the young birds. Dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.11) and disaccharidases in duodenal and jejunal mucosa were markedly depressed by the diet containing salseed meal, with the exception of maltase (EC 3 . 2 . 1 .20) which was unaffected in jejunal mucosa. Enterokinase (EC 3.4.21.9) activity was not inhibited by the presence of tannins in the diet, rather it increased in the duodenal mucosa of SSM birds.

Use of chemical treatments to reduce antinutritional effects of tannins in salseed meal: Effect on performance and digestive enzymes of broilers

“…Acid treatment of a material may induce undesirable changes in the organoleptic properties of the material by enhancing the oxidation reaction in acid medium thereby giving rise to some toxic compounds and ultimately causing reduction in feed intake (Salunkhe et al, 1990;Acamovic and Brooker, 2005). Pancreatic hypertrophy has been described as an adaptive growth response associated with the presence of tannins in the gut (Mahmood and Smithard, 1993;Santos-Buelga and Scalbert, 2000). Moreover, the pancreatic hypertrophy may be induced by lower feed intake (Mahmood et al, 1997;Acamovic and Brooker, 2005).…”

“…The activity of enterokinase (EC 3.4.21.9) was assayed indirectly (Mahmood and Smithard, 1993). Bovine trypsinogen, used as substrate for enterokinase (EC 3.4.21.9) was incubated at 37°C with the sample for 30 min.…”

“…Pronounced pancreatic hypertrophy (Mahmood and Smithard, 1993;Mahmood et al, 1997) and depressed activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes (Yuste et al, 1992;Mahmood et al, 2006;Mansoori et al, 2007) were noticed in chicken fed diets containing tannins. These associations which are generally viewed as effects of tannins give rise to an important practical question: can ways be found to eliminate or at least ameliorate their antinutritional effects?…”

Retraction: The Effect of Raw and Processed Common Vetch Seed (<i>Vicia sativa</i>) Added to Diets of Laying Hens on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Parameters and Liver Histopathology

“…Evidence is summarized about the fact that the inclusion of vetch seed to animal diets brings about a number of undesirable effects such as reduced protein deposition, altered digestibility and absorption of nutrients and impairment of the immune response, which have been attributed to the occurence of various ANF and to a poor sulphur amino acid content (Martinez et al, 1992;Mahmood and Smithard, 1993;Marzo et al, 2002). Raw faba bean also produces local reactions in the pancreas and the intestine of chicks (Rubio et al, 1989).…”

Carobs in productive animal nutrition

“…Συνεπώς, η διαθεσιμότητα των αμινοξέων ελαττώνεται, λόγω της μείωσης της πεπτικότητας των πρωτεϊνών (Nelson et al 1975, Mitaru et al 1985, Mustafa & El Zubeir 1993, Elkin et al 1995. Οι υδατάνθρακες του σιτηρεσίου των πετειναρίων επηρεάζονται από την παρουσία ταννι νών, κυρίως επειδή σχηματίζουν με αυτές συμπλοκές ενώσεις που υποβαθμίζουν την πεπτικότητα των υδα τανθράκων (Longstaff & McNab 1991, Trevino et al 1992, Mahmood & Smithard 1993, Mandai et al 2006). …”