“…This can also be assumed for the case of biogas since CO2 is already removed when biogas is upgraded to transport fuel quality. This can be compared to the CO2 capture cost linked to processes requiring an extra purification step like steel and iron, ammonia, refinery, cement, and fossil or biomass combustion plants estimated at 20€2015-170€2015/ ton CO2 in the short term (10-15 years) and 10€2015-100€2015/ton CO2 in the more long term (Damen et al, 2007;Finkenrath, 2011;Kuramochi et al, 2012Kuramochi et al, , 2013IEA, 2013). Even though it has been indicated that the cost for carbon capture represents a relatively modest share (a few percent) of the total electrofuel-production cost unless air capture is assumed (Graves et al, 2011;Tremel et al, 2015;Varone and Ferrari, 2015; see text footnote 1), using CO2 from biofuel production represent an attractive source for electrofuel production since more pure streams will likely be used first for economic reasons and the domestic biofuel actors, representing a considerable biofuel production capacity, in order to comply with sustainability requirements need to improve their production processes in terms of CO2 emissions.…”