A comparison of embalming fluids for use in surgical workshops

Jaung, Rebekah; Cook, P. Christopher; Blyth, Phil

doi:10.1002/ca.21118

Cited by 99 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Vessels in these plexuses are thought to be primarily responsible for intraoperative bleeding (Pavletic, 1991). Small vessel collapse and/or obstruction following death, the effects of cryopreservation and individual variations (Jaung et al, 2011) may have accounted for differences in tissue perfusion in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Several factors may have accounted for undesirable changes documented in intraabdominal organs in 3 out of 23 cadavers studied. Time to preservation and cause of death (Silva et al, 2007), as well as body condition (i.e., muscle mass and obesity) and individual variations may impact the quality of cadavers preserved by identical methods (Jaung et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bleeding simulation in embalmed cadavers: bridging the gap between simulation and live surgery

Souza

Matera

2015

ALTEX

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SummaryIn veterinary medicine, surgical education and training require the development of abilities that can be acquired in practical classes using currently available models such as cadaver training. Limited availability of cadavers, undesirable changes in tissue texture and the absence of bleeding are the main disadvantages of cadaver-based training compared to training in live animals. This study proposes a chemical cadaver preservation method aimed at overcoming the aforementioned limitations. Blood circulation could be reproduced in preserved cadavers, thereby enabling satisfactory simulation-based training of several surgical procedures, from incision to suture and including hemostatic techniques. The model in this study introduces a high-fidelity simulation training alternative to prepare students for the practice of surgery. In this manner, surgical interventions would be restricted to surgical cases and healthy animals would not be submitted to surgical procedures exclusively for learning purposes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bleeding simulation in embalmed cadavers: bridging the gap between simulation and live surgery

Souza

Matera

2015

ALTEX

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“…The use of embalmed cadavers in anatomical research has been shown to cause increased soft tissue stiffness and decreased joint flexibility in comparison to fresh-frozen cadavers. 22 While all specimens in this study were successfully positioned for each measurement, the surrounding musculature had to be removed for proper string placement. This study does not account for individual limitations in range of motion that could be present due to the surrounding musculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length Change of the Short External Rotators of the Hip in Common Stretch Positions: A Cadaveric Study

McGovern

Kivlan

Martin

2017

Intl J Sports Phys Ther

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Background: Stretching of the deep rotators of the hip is commonly employed in patients with lumbosacral, sacroiliac, posterior hip, and buttock pain. There is limited research demonstrating the effectiveness of common stretching techniques on the short external rotators of the hip. Purpose:The objective of this study was to evaluate length change during stretching of the superior and inferior fibers of the piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus.Study Design: Repeated-measures laboratory controlled cadaveric study.Methods: Seventeen hip joints from nine embalmed cadavers (5 male; 4 female) with an age between 49-96 years were skeletonized. Polypropylene strings were attached from the origin to insertion sites of the short external rotators. The change of length (mm) noted by excursion of the strings was used as a proxy for change in muscle length, when the hip was moved from the anatomical position to four specific stretch positions: 1) 45° internal rotation from hip neutral flexion/extension, 2) 45° external rotation from 90° hip and knee flexion, 3) 30° adduction from 90° of hip and knee flexion, and 4) 30° of adduction with the hip and knee flexed so the lateral malleolus contacted the lateral femoral epicondyle of the contralateral limb , were recorded. Results:There was a significant effect on string displacement by stretch position, F (15,166) = 14.67, p < .0005; Wilk's ⌳ = .097, partial n2 = .540. The greatest displacement of the strings corresponding to the superior piriformis, inferior piriformis, and the superior gemellus occurred in 30° adduction from 90° of hip and knee flexion. The obturator internus and inferior gemellus had the largest string displacement with 45° internal rotation from neutral flexion/extension. Conclusions:While all stretch positions caused a significant string displacement indicating length changes of the deep rotators of the hip, the three stretch positions that caused the greatest change were: 1) 30° adduction from 90° of hip and knee flexion, 2) 45° internal rotation from neutral flexion/ extension, and 3) 45° external rotation with 90° hip and knee flexion.Clinical Relevance: This study has clinical implications for the effectiveness of specific stretching techniques on the short external rotators of the hip with the potential to improve the validity of stretching protocols for patients with posterior hip or buttock pain. The piriformis and superior gemellus had a larger change in length when adducting the hip from 90° degrees of hip and knee flexion. The obturator internus and inferior gemellus had a greater length change when internally rotating the hip from neutral flexion/extension. Level of Evidence: 3

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“…5 The benefits and pitfalls of other preservation methods have been reported elsewhere. 37 Inexpensive and less biomechanically accurate composite bone models made with either a plastic or foam cortical material are available for use in surgical skills laboratories. 2 Foam cortical shell models are easily sawn, drilled, or broached and are preferred for creating osteotomies or placing arthroplasty components.…”

Section: Composite Bone Models In Surgical Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Bone Models in Orthopaedic Surgery Research and Education

Elfar

Menorca

Reed

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

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Composite bone models are increasingly used in orthopaedic biomechanics research and surgical education-applications that traditionally relied on cadavers. Cadaver bones are suboptimal for myriad reasons, including issues of cost, availability, preservation, and inconsistency between specimens. Further, cadaver samples disproportionately represent the elderly, whose bone quality may not be representative of the greater orthopaedic population. The current fourth-generation composite bone models provide an accurate reproduction of the biomechanical properties of human bone when placed under bending, axial, and torsional loads. The combination of glass fiber and epoxy resin components into a single phase has enabled manufacturing by injection molding. The high anatomic fidelity of the cadaver-based molds and negligible shrinkage properties of the epoxy resin results in a process that allows for excellent definition of anatomic detail in the cortical wall and optimized consistency of features between models. Recent biomechanical studies of composites have validated their use as a suitable substitute for cadaver specimens.Cadaver specimens have long been used in orthopaedic research and education specifically as well as medical education more broadly. 1 Biomechanical study of fracture fixation constructs and orthopaedic implants necessitates a substrate that reproduces the complex and anisotropic properties of organic human bone in order to produce clinically relevant insights. An accurate model of anatomy is also required in the educational setting for the instruction and practice of surgical technique. Accordingly, cadavers have remained a cornerstone of both research and education in orthopaedic surgery.Although cadaver specimens have distinct advantages in these settings, their use is complicated by a variety of factors. First, they are costly. Femurs, tibiae, and humeri-long bones commonly trialed in the biomechanical study of fracture fixation constructs-cost approximately $500 per specimen (Platinum Training, personal communication, 2013), compared with $170 for a fourth-generation composite equivalent. 2 A cadaver lower Dr. Elfar or an immediate family member has received research or institutional support from Synthes and Arthrex, and serves as a board member, owner, officer, or committee member of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society. None of the following authors or any immediate family member has received anything of value from or has stock or stock options held in a commercial company or institution related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article: Mr. Menorca, Mr. Reed, and Dr. Stanbury. Logistical considerations also add cost to cadaver specimen use. Specimens must be preserved before, during, and after use. Freezing of fresh specimens is sometimes adequate but requires facility space and limits the duration and episodes of specimen use. 3 Use of traditional formalin-based embalming solutions may excessively stiffen soft tissues....

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A comparison of embalming fluids for use in surgical workshops

Cited by 99 publications

References 17 publications

Bleeding simulation in embalmed cadavers: bridging the gap between simulation and live surgery

Bleeding simulation in embalmed cadavers: bridging the gap between simulation and live surgery

Length Change of the Short External Rotators of the Hip in Common Stretch Positions: A Cadaveric Study

Composite Bone Models in Orthopaedic Surgery Research and Education

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