A Comparison of Emerging Nonfluoropolymer-Based Coextruded PV Backsheets to Industry-Benchmark Technologies

Thuis, Michael; Hasan, Naila Al; Arnold, Rachael L.; King, Bruce H.; Maes, Ashley; Miller, David C.; Newkirk, Jimmy M.; Schelhas, Laura T.; Sinha, Archana; Terwilliger, K. M.; Uličná, Soňa; Durme, Kurt Van

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2021.3117915

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Therefore, in contrast to test modules using Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) encapsulants and PET backsheets, no silver grid corrosion was observed for modules using PP backsheets. Similar findings have also been reported by another research group [146]. Nevertheless, long-term outdoor experience is still missing for PP based backsheets.…”

Section: Market Entrance and Reliability Of Co-extruded Backsheetssupporting

confidence: 88%

Motivation, benefits, and challenges for new photovoltaic material & module developments

Stein

Eder²,

Berger

et al. 2022

Prog. Energy

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In the last decade and longer, photovoltaic module manufacturers have experienced a rapidly growing market along with a dramatic decrease in module prices. Such cost pressures have resulted in a drive to develop and implement new module designs, which either increase performance and/or lifetime of the modules or decrease the cost to produce them. In this paper, the main motivations and benefits but also challenges for material innovations will be discussed. Many of these innovations include the use of new and novel materials in place of more conventional materials or designs. As a result, modules are being produced and sold without a long-term understanding about the performance and reliability of these new materials. This has lead to unexpected new failure mechanisms occuring few years after deployment, such as Potential Induced Degradation or backsheet cracking. None of these failure modes have been detected after the back then common single stress tests. New accelerated test approaches are based on a combination or sequence of multiple stressors that better reflect outdoor conditions. That allows for identification of new degradation modes linked to new module materials or module designs.

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Section: Market Entrance and Reliability Of Co-extruded Backsheetssupporting

confidence: 88%

Motivation, benefits, and challenges for new photovoltaic material & module developments

Stein

Eder²,

Berger

et al. 2022

Prog. Energy

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“…Thuis et al compared and investigated the industrial applicability of non-uoropolymer backsheets. 127 Unlike other materials, the PO-based backsheet was not prone to surface cracks that promote bulk damage, and they are very tougheven aer the aging test (85 °C, 85% RH, 4000 hours).…”

Section: Non-uoropolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of polymer-based encapsulants and backsheets for stable and high-performance silicon photovoltaic modules: materials nanoarchitectonics and mechanisms

Kim,

Lim,

Kim

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…At the other extreme, thermal-oxidative degradation has been produced in AAA backsheet in accelerated testing without including any UV irradiation component. [51,52] These are good examples of how using acceleration rates that are too high or not representative has the potential to produce different, nonfield representative failure modes. Assuming failure in 6 years, the C-AST Tropical sequence empirically provides an acceleration of approximately 18 for polyamide (AAA) for the Miami environment.…”

Section: Benchmarking To Field Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceleration Factors for Combined‐Accelerated Stress Testing of Photovoltaic Modules

et al. 2023

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Numerous field failures are observed in photovoltaic (PV) modules that pass standardized design qualification and type approval testing. Standardized tests are typically mechanism-specific and only developed after the failure mode has caused extensive trouble in the field. For example, technical papers emerged in 1977 that showed PV module susceptibility to system voltage in humid conditions, presently referred to as potential-induced degradation (PID). [1,2] Methods for PID testing were proposed in 1978 but not widely implemented. [3] While some work continued in thin film technology, [4] the phenomenon was largely ignored until field failures with various PID types were extensively reported. The PID issue led to a great deal of financial cost in the 2005 to 2015 timeframe. [5,6] Field-relevant PID test methods were agreed upon and standardized in IEC 62 804-1 in 2015 [7] and incorporated into IEC 61 215 qualification testing in 2021, [8] which is 44 years after the first publications about PID. Faulty products were produced, shipped, and sold with many consumers unaware of the issue. Other examples of degradation modes discovered after extensive shipments of PV modules include light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LETID), an important degradation mode in modules with passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) cells, [9][10][11] and cracking of polyamide (PA) and certain polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based backsheets. [12,13] With the discovery of new degradation or failure mechanisms, numerous tests were added to comprehensively examine these

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A Comparison of Emerging Nonfluoropolymer-Based Coextruded PV Backsheets to Industry-Benchmark Technologies

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Motivation, benefits, and challenges for new photovoltaic material & module developments

Motivation, benefits, and challenges for new photovoltaic material & module developments

Recent developments of polymer-based encapsulants and backsheets for stable and high-performance silicon photovoltaic modules: materials nanoarchitectonics and mechanisms

Acceleration Factors for Combined‐Accelerated Stress Testing of Photovoltaic Modules

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