A Comparison of Epithelial Cells, Fibroblasts, and Osteoblasts in Dental Implant Titanium Topographies

Abstract

The major challenge for dental implants is achieving optimal esthetic appearance and a concept to fulfill this criterion is evaluated. The key to an esthetically pleasing appearance lies in the properly manage the soft tissue profile around dental implants. A novel implant restoration technique on the surface was proposed as a way to augment both soft- and hard-tissue profiles at potential implant sites. Different levels of roughness can be attained by sandblasting and acid etching, and a tetracalcium phosphate was used to supply the ions. In particular, the early stage attaching and repopulating abilities of bone cell osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), fibroblasts (NIH 3T3), and epithelial cells (XB-2) were evaluated. The results showed that XB-2 cell adhesive qualities of a smooth surface were better than those of the roughened surfaces, the proliferative properties were reversed. The effects of roughness on the characteristics of 3T3 cells were opposite to the result for XB-2 cells. E1 proliferative ability did not differ with any statistical significance. These results suggest that a rougher surface which provided calcium and phosphate ions have the ability to enhance the proliferation of osteoblast and the inhibition of fibroblast growth that enhance implant success ratios.

Micro-/nano-topography of selective laser melting titanium enhances adhesion and proliferation and regulates adhesion-related gene expressions of human gingival fibroblasts and human gingival epithelial cells

“…[30][31][32] However, a microrough surface is recommended, which may be the best for HGFs. 33,34 In our study, we produced the original SLM specimen with a 7.57 µm in Ra value. Except for the layer-by-layer SLM manufacturing process, the roughness is also influenced by the partially melted particles.…”

Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays for Biomedical Implant Materials and Nanomedicine Applications

“…Furthermore, the surfaces of these nanostructures can effectively reduce inflammatory responses compared with surfaces of conventional implants [39][40][41]. Therefore, the proposed TNA structure possesses adaptive features that can successfully improve cell interaction with the implant materials and may potentially enhance osseointegration [42][43][44].…”

Effects of Ti surface treatments with silane and arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide on bone cell progenitors

“…Peptide grafting may simultaneously increase the hydrophilicity of material surfaces. When cell suspensions with a fixed number of cells were placed on the surface of various groups, the hydrophilicity of the material surface determined the cell density in the specimens and the distribution area and affected the concentration of cell-secreted signal factors, thereby affecting subsequent cell behaviors [24][25][26][27].…”

“…The osteoconductive properties of calcium phosphates can direct the growth of bone cells into the pores, and the release of calcium and phosphorus ions results in enhanced cell mineralization. Researchers have indicated that the detachment of calcium phosphate ceramic-coated implants is occasionally caused by insufficient binding between the calcium phosphate salts and the implant rather than poor integration of the calcium phosphate salts and the bone [17,[24][25][26][27][28]. When force is applied to an implant, pressure is applied to the ductile Ti and brittle calcium phosphate coating, causing a break in the coating and detachment from the implant.…”