A comparison of essential oil constituents of bark, leaf, root and fruit of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blum) grown in Sri Lanka

Paranagama, P.A.; Wimalasena, S.; Jayatilake, Gamini S.; Jayawardena, A.L.; Senanayake, U.M.; Mubarak, A.M.

doi:10.4038/jnsfsr.v29i3-4.2613

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…GC‐MS analysis showed that the major component of cinnamon leaf oil used in this study was eugenol, which was 84·5% of the total oil composition. This is similar to findings in the current literature (Mallavarapu et al ; Paranagama et al ; Raina et al ; Jayawardena and Smith ). In contrast, the major component of the cinnamon bark EO used in this study was Σ‐cinnamaldehyde at 85·3% of the total composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In contrast, the major component of the cinnamon bark EO used in this study was Σ‐cinnamaldehyde at 85·3% of the total composition. The high levels of this component in the bark EO has been demonstrated in other studies (Paranagama et al ; Jayawardena and Smith ; Shahina et al ). This contrasting composition of the two oils provides an explanation of their different antimicrobial effects, and it has been shown that cinnamaldehyde has a superior antimicrobial effect when compared to eugenol (López et al ; Sanla‐Ead et al ; Brnawi et al ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Rapid bactericidal effect of cinnamon bark essential oil againstPseudomonas aeruginosa

2019

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Aims This study aimed to identify the most effective antimicrobial agent from a selection of essential oils (EO) and investigate its bactericidal properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods and Results The disc diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration tests were used to identify antimicrobial potential. Several oils exhibited antimicrobial effects at concentrations as low as 0·03% (v/v). Significantly, cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark EO exhibited a broad‐spectrum activity against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria and showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against P. aeruginosa PAO1 at 0·125% (v/v) and all other tested organisms, including known multidrug resistant species. Time‐kill assays and metabolic activity tests showed cinnamon oil to exhibit rapid killing, with bactericidal activity observed in ≤6 min at ≥0·5% (v/v). Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and a membrane permeability assay indicated damage to membrane integrity, loss of turgor and cell collapse. Conclusion Cinnamon bark EO is a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agent capable of rapid killing at low concentrations. Significance and Impact of the Study This study provides a sound basis for further investigation of the potential of cinnamon bark EO as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial products due to its fast‐acting bactericidal properties at low concentrations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Rapid bactericidal effect of cinnamon bark essential oil againstPseudomonas aeruginosa

2019

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“…The major compounds eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, β‐caryophyllene, linalool, cinnamyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, eugenyl acetate, ( E )‐ethyl cinnamate, alcohol cinnamyl acetate, camphor, linalool, and piperitone have been reported from essential oils derived from the leaves of C zeylanicum . More than two decades ago, however, seasonal variation in the essential oil from leaves of C zeylanicum was reported for three different months of harvest .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical disparity in the oil from leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume

Joshi¹

2019

Flavour & Fragrance J

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The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) collected throughout the year was examined using gas chromatography fitted with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography connected with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The variation in essential oil yield was found to be in the range of 1.1–1.4% (w/w). Between 28 and 40 components, representing 97.92 ± 0.15% of the total oil, were identified. The chief compound was identified as eugenol, varying from 60.24 ± 0.42 to 89.82 ± 0.55%. The other constituents were eugenyl acetate (ranging from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 19.87 ± 0.52%), α‐phellandrene (ranging from 0.76 ± 0.04 to 6.23 ± 0.13%), benzyl benzoate (ranging from 0.91 ± 0.05 to 5.03 ± 0.20%), linalool (ranging from 1.11 ± 0.04 to 3.25 ± 0.08%), and β‐caryophyllene (ranging from 0.50 ± 0.01 to 2.92 ± 0.10%). The essential oils collected throughout the year were found to be rich in phenyl derivative constituents (88.49 ± 0.97%). The biosynthesis and conversion of eugenyl acetate to eugenol appeared as the leaves of C. zeylanicum reached maturity. It was noticed that when leaves were immature, in July and August during the full rainy season, the content of eugenyl acetate was found to be highest, as compared with mature leaves in the other months, with the exception of February (flowering season).

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“…The main chemical component present is Eugenol. Cinnamomum verum bark contains major components [19] cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. It lowers blood sugar levels, reduces heart disease risk factors and has other health benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Cinnamomum verum, Syzygium aromaticum and Piper nigrum Extract

Sharma¹,

Pathak²,

Ojha³

et al. 2017

Asian J. Chem.

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Recently, nanoparticles have gained significance in the field of biomedicines but use of the chemical reducing agent in their preparation, limit it in the field of biomedicine. Hence, we have synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by stirring the appropriate volume of aqueous extract of Cinnamomum verum (dried bark), Syzygium aromaticum (dried flower buds) and Piper nigrum (dried berries) with aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (Au 3+ ) by greener method. The UV-visible spectrum of AuNPs showed a broad band in the region 543-546 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) of AuNPs. The position of band did not change even after 2 weeks, depicting the stability of prepared nanoparticles. FESEM and DLS confirmed their size and dispersity. Furthermore, the rate of formation of nanoparticles using different spice extracts as reducing agent give an indication towards the concentration of active components present in them i.e. Syzygium aromaticum is the better reducing agent as compared to Cinnamomum verum and Piper nigrum.

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A comparison of essential oil constituents of bark, leaf, root and fruit of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blum) grown in Sri Lanka

Cited by 80 publications

References 3 publications

Rapid bactericidal effect of cinnamon bark essential oil againstPseudomonas aeruginosa

Rapid bactericidal effect of cinnamon bark essential oil againstPseudomonas aeruginosa

Chemical disparity in the oil from leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Cinnamomum verum, Syzygium aromaticum and Piper nigrum Extract

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