A Comparison of Fish Oil, Flaxseed Oil and Hempseed Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Volunteers

Kaul, Nalini; Kreml, Renee; Austria, J. Alejandro; Richard, Mélanie N.; Edel, Andrea L.; Dibrov, Elena; Hirono, Shuichi; Zettler, Marjorie E.; Pierce, Grant N.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719674

Cited by 144 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is important to note that in this study by Wallace et al, subjects consumed 3.5 g ALA per day which is only B60% of the dosage used in the present investigation. The results of that study are consistent with work of Kaul et al (2008), which showed that supplementation of the diet with B1 g/day of ALA as flaxseed oil resulted in only a transient increase in plasma ALA over a 12-week experimental intervention. These studies would suggest that a dose of 44 g/day is required to achieve significant increases in ALA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Bioavailability of α-linolenic acid from flaxseed diets as a function of the age of the subject

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Dietary flaxseed may have beneficial cardiovascular effects. An aged population has a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, but they may react differently to flaxseed in the diet. Objective: To investigate the response, over a period of 4 weeks, of subjects aged 18-29 or 45-69 years to a diet containing the same amount of a-linolenic acid (ALA) (6 g) introduced in the form of ground flaxseed (30 g) or flaxseed oil. Results: All subjects who received flaxseed oil showed a significant increase in plasma ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations over the course of this study. Subjects who received ground flaxseed in the 18-29-year-old group showed a statistically significant increase in their plasma ALA levels, and although there was a trend in the same direction for the 45-69-year-old subjects, this did not achieve statistical significance. The diets induced no major changes in platelet aggregation, plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in any of the groups. Younger subjects showed a decrease in triglyceride (TG) values compared with older subjects. There were no significant side effects that caused compliancy issues. Conclusion: Subject age does not seem to be a major determining factor in influencing ALA absorption from a flaxseedsupplemented diet nor in the metabolism of ALA to EPA in the groups fed flaxseed oil. Concerns about side effects in older subjects administered a higher fiber load in a flaxseed-supplemented diet are not justified. However, younger but not older subjects showed a beneficial decrease in circulating TGs due to flaxseed supplementation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Bioavailability of α-linolenic acid from flaxseed diets as a function of the age of the subject

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another trial saw no effect on serum oxidised LDL concentrations after 10 weeks intervention with 4 g/d ALA from flaxseed [103]. The difference in findings of the latter three studies compared with the study of Sodergren et al [143], perhaps reflecting the low intakes of PUFAs used. Overall, these studies suggest that ALA intakes up to 6 times greater than that found in the typical UK diet (~1.5/d) do not significantly alter markers of blood lipid peroxidation when consumed for relatively short periods of time.…”

Section: Low-density Lipoprotein Oxidationcontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…However, some studies in which ALA intake was increased did not find a significant effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation [129,228]. Kaul et al also reported that flaxseed oil supplementation (providing 1 g/d ALA) induced no significant change in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelet aggregation [143], although this is a much lower dose of ALA than used in other studies looking at these outcomes. Overall, it is not clear whether high ALA intakes reduce platelet aggregation or not, due to the inconsistencies in findings from different studies.…”

Section: Platelet Aggregation and Haemostasismentioning

confidence: 88%

Metabolism and functional effects of plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids in humans

Baker

Miles

Burdge

et al. 2016

Progress in Lipid Research

354

292

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Ground flaxseed has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels (Bloedon et al, 2008) whereas feeding of ALA (Alpha linolenic acid) in the form of flaxseed oil fed to human beings (Kaul et al, 2008) didn't alter lipid levels. Flaxseed contains at least three components that are of health interest: soluble fibers or mucilage (Diederichsen, 2006); high amounts of ALA (Choo, 2007); and the plant lignin secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (Johnsson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Consumption of Ground Wholeseed Flax on Human Blood Traits

Bhardwaj¹,

Hamama²,

Narina³

et al. 2012

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oilseed flax (Linum usitatssimum L.) has been recognized as a functional food in recent times. Functional foods deliver a health boost beyond what is expected from their traditional nutrient content. Flax fits this description perfectly because it is rich in omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals. Flax also provides dietary fiber and protein. We conducted an experiment in which ground wholeseed flax was consumed by 26 volunteers during 2009. A blood sample before start of consumption and one after completion of the experiment was collected and analyzed for various blood traits. Results indicated that consumption of wholeseed flax significantly increased carbon dioxide (24.23 vs. 23.03 mmol/L), lowered total serum protein (7.17 vs. 7.02 d/dl) and total Globulin (2.99 vs. 2.78g/dl) in the blood. Flax consumption did not affect overall cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in human blood. However, comparisons of groups of study volunteers based on three categories: those whose blood traits remained unchanged, those whose blood profile values increased upon wholeseed flax consumption, and those whose blood profile values decreased upon wholeseed flax consumption revealed that consumption of 45g of wholeseed flax daily for twelve weeks decreased the concentration of total cholesterol in 9 females and 5 males, increased the concentration 5 females and 1 male, and did not affect the concentration in 2 females and 4 males. Flax consumption decreased the concentration of triglycerides in 9 females and 4 males, increased the concentration in 6 females and 4 male, and did not affect the concentration in 1 female and 2 males. These results point to the possibility that consumption of wholeseed ground flax may be helpful in reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides in females as compared to males. It was also observed that changes in concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides were influenced by each other -in 9 subjects concentrations of both traits were reduced, increased in 4 subjects, and remained the same in 2 subjects. We speculated that consumption of wholeseed flax for reduction of cholesterol and triglycerides in human blood may be considerably influenced by heredity.

show abstract

A Comparison of Fish Oil, Flaxseed Oil and Hempseed Oil Supplementation on Selected Parameters of Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract: From a consumer's perspective, ingesting 2 capsules of any of these oils in an attempt to achieve cardiovascular health benefits may not provide the desired or expected result over a 3 month period.

Cited by 144 publications

References 42 publications

Bioavailability of α-linolenic acid from flaxseed diets as a function of the age of the subject

Bioavailability of α-linolenic acid from flaxseed diets as a function of the age of the subject

Metabolism and functional effects of plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids in humans

Effect of Consumption of Ground Wholeseed Flax on Human Blood Traits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About