In 1998, a review for the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (the predecessor of the Food Standards Agency) was published evaluating the relative merits of different dietary assessment methods against a series of factors likely to affect compliance or accuracy in low-income households. The review informed the design of a method comparison study carried out in London, UK, in 2001, in which the validity and acceptability of 4 d dietary assessment methods based on 24 h recalls, food checklists and a semi-weighed method were compared with 4 d weighed inventories and other reference measures. Results were based on observations in 384 respondents (159 males, 225 females) aged 2-90 years in 240 households. Outcomes of the comparison study included evaluations of each method made by respondents, interviewers and researchers. These findings were used in the present paper to update and extend the 1998 review. Additional factors not included in the 1998 review have been considered. This updated and extended review provides the basis for discussion of the relative merits of approaches to dietary assessment in low-income households in developed economies. The evidence presented here and elsewhere suggests that the 24 h recall is the method best suited for dietary assessment in low-income households, followed by the weighed inventory, food checklist and lastly the semi-weighed method.
Keywords
Review Low income Strengths Weaknesses Dietary surveyIn 1997, the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (the predecessor of the Food Standards Agency (FSA)) commissioned a critical review of dietary assessment methods for use in people living on low income, published as a 'Scoping study ' in 1998 (1) . The report critically reviewed the applicability, feasibility and cost of seven different dietary assessment methods in terms of their appropriateness for a dietary survey of people living on low income in the UK. The dietary assessment methods reviewed were the weighed inventory, the household measures technique, the semi-weighed method (2) , the food checklist, the diet history, the 24 h recall and the FFQ.Methodological strengths and weaknesses were considered and each method was rated using a simple ranking system. Each method was assigned a rank (11, 0, 21) in relation to sixteen factors believed by the authors to be important for consideration in low-income households (1) . The authors assigned ranks based on their own experience and reading of the literature. The ranks were assigned as follows: 11 if there was deemed to be a distinct positive advantage relating to the use of the method in low-income households; 0 if the method was deemed to have no distinct advantage or disadvantage; 21 if there was deemed to be a distinct disadvantage relating to the use of the method in low-income households. The individual ranks were then summed to create a score for each method ('Total 1'), as published in the original Scoping study, shown in Table 1. The scoring was intended to capture a cumulative impression of the rela...