A Comparison of Granite-Related Tin, Tungsten, and Gold-Bismuth Deposits: Implications for Exploration

Baker, Timothy D.; Pollard, P. J.; Mustard, R.; Mark, Geordie; Graham, J.Howard

doi:10.5382/segnews.2005-61.fea

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The gold-bismuth mineral type deposits in Russia are the Pogranichnoye (Eastern Sayany), Ergelyakh, Kurumskoye, Tuguchak, Basaguninskoye, Chuguluk, Nennely, and Galechnoye (North-Eastern Russia) vein deposits, and Levodybinskoye, Teutedzhak (North-Eastern Russia) stockwork deposits confined to the apical near-contact zones of granitoid plutons or their marginal near-contact fracture zones [46,[49][50][51][52]. It will be noted that deposits of this type are formed mainly from magmatic fluids with the involvement of metamorphic and meteoritic sources [52][53][54][55][56]. They are formed over a wide range of temperatures (437-155 °C, mainly at 400-250 °C) and pressures (1700-90 bar) due to aqueous fluids with Na and K chlorides with wide salinity (46.0-1.1 wt %), at fO2-fS2 variations [51,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ulug-Sair Gold-Bismuth Ore Occurrence (Western Tuva, Russia): PT Parameters, The Composition of Fluids, and Isotopy of S and O

Kuzhuget¹,

Ankusheva²,

Mongush³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We examined PT parameters, geochemical peculiarities, and fluid sources of the Ulug-Sair ore occurrence attributable to class of intrusion-related gold deposits and according to ore mineral assemblages corresponding to Au-Bi type with wide Bi minerals (AgBiTe, Bi2Te2Se, Cu3,07BiS3, Bi), tellurides (Au and Ag), Se-tellurides (Ag and Bi), and selenides (Au, Ag, and Hg). We identified that ‘pre-gold’ quartz-tourmaline veins were deposited using an aqueous Mg-Na-K-chloride fluid with a salinity of 8–10 wt % NaCl eq. At 325–370 °C; host breasts were formed due to a CO2-water fluid containing CH4 and N2, with a salinity of 0,18–6,1 wt % NaCl eq. at least 200–400 °C. Gold-bearing mineral assemblages were formed at P ~ 0,75–1,0 kbar (~ 2,3–3 km) due to CO2-water chloride (Na-K±Fe, Mg) fluid with CH4, Na2SO4, and Na2B2O5, and salinities 1,7–12,5 wt % NaCl eq. during the decreasing temperatures from 360 up to 115 °C (gold-sulfide-quartz veins – 360–130 °С, and gold-telluride-sulfide-quartz veins – 330–115 °C) and variations fO2, fS2, fSe2, and fTe2. The isotopic composition of δ34SH2S fluid (-0,7…+2,5 &permil;) indicates the juvenile or magmatic origin of fluid and ore elements. The δ34OH2O fluid indicates that, at an early substage, the formation of ore occurrence involved a fluid of magmatic or metamorphic origin (+7,3…+11,4 &permil;), and, in the later substage, it mixed with meteoric waters (-2,3…+9,1 &permil;).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ulug-Sair Gold-Bismuth Ore Occurrence (Western Tuva, Russia): PT Parameters, The Composition of Fluids, and Isotopy of S and O

Kuzhuget¹,

Ankusheva²,

Mongush³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…(b) Schematic diagram illustrating primary granite-related W-Sn deposit styles in combination with their type-localities. Styled partly after Baker et al (2005). granites are not associated with W-Sn mineralization (Romer & Kroner, 2015;Romer & Kroner, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Nb, Ta, Sn, and W deposits typically occur worldwide in close proximity to differentiated, late-to post-orogenic granites mainly peraluminous in composition (Baker et al, 2005;Melcher et al, 2015;Melcher et al, 2017;Romer & Kroner, 2016). One of the major research axes on these deposits is focused around the question of whether a close spatiotemporal association implies a direct genetic link between the mineralization and the granitic magmatism, especially for the case of peribatholitic deposits Förster et al, 2009;Harlaux et al, 2017a;Wilkinson, 1990).…”

Section: Orthomagmatic or Recycled Metal Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three major categories of granite-related ore depositssensu stricto-could develop in the vicinity of granite intrusions and are observed worldwide (Fig. 4.1): (1) disseminated magmatic mineralization in granites themselves, (2) mineralization in late-magmatic pegmatites intruding as endo-and exodikes, and (3) mineralization in magmatic-hydrothermal or metasomatic deposits imprinted on the granites, pegmatites, or on the immediate host rocks (i.e., veins, greisens or skarn; Baker et al, 2005;Beus, 1986;Štemprok, 1987;Taylor, 1979). Peraluminous rare-metal granites with magmatic disseminated mineralization are locally associated with vein-and greisen-type mineralization (Breiter et al, 1999), both requiring water saturation and under hydrostatic regime (C ̌erný et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Schematic diagram illustrating primary granite-related W-Sn deposit styles in combination with their type-localities. Styled partly afterBaker et al (2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nb‐Ta‐Sn‐W Distribution in Granite‐related Ore Systems

Hulsbosch

2019

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Tantalum, niobium, tin, and tungsten mineralization typically occurs worldwide in close proximity to fractionated peraluminous leucogranites. These granite-related ore deposits show a diversity of mineralization modes, ranging from plutonic-hosted breccia and hydrothermal vein-stockwork systems to (peri)batholitic greisens, skarns, pegmatites, and hydrothermal veins. In the Mesoproterozoic Karagwe-Ankole orogenic belt (KAB) of Central Africa, numerous early Neoproterozoic Nb-Ta-Sn-W rare-metal deposits formed as primary mineralization in hydrothermal quartz veins, magmatic lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) family pegmatites and associated intrapegmatitic greisens. This chapter reviews the petro-and metallogenesis of Nb-Ta-Sn-W graniterelated ore deposits, as they occur in the Rwandese part of the KAB, and provides a general overview of the geochemical mechanisms behind the formation of pegmatite-and quartz vein-hosted deposits and the distribution and enrichment of the ore elements Nb, Ta, Sn, and W in the different metallogenic subsystems (i.e., granites, pegmatites, and veins). Moreover, this chapter assesses the observed close spatiotemporal association between leucogranites, pegmatites, and quartz veins in terms of a direct genetic link between the mineralization and the felsic magmatism. Based on this review and element distribution calculations, an integrated orthomagmatic metallogenic model for Nb-Ta-Sn-W mineralization in the KAB is demonstrated. This model can form a major tool in the exploration for granite-related ore deposits in general.

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Late Palaeozoic potassic igneous rocks of the Molo‐Sarychat pluton in the eastern Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Geochemistry, U–Pb zircon geochronology and implications for related skarn‐porphyry Mo‐W‐Cu‐Au mineralization

Soloviev,

Kryazhev,

Semenova

et al. 2024

Geological Journal

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The Molo‐Sarychat multiphase pluton is situated along the fault systems of the ‘Main Structural Line of Tien Shan’ (known also as the ‘Nikolaev Line’). It comprises mafic to intermediate (monzodiorite, monzonite) and silicic (quartz monzonite, monzogranite and leucogranite‐alaskite) rocks, followed by the late mafic (monzodiorite‐porphyry to lamprophyre) dikes. Isotopic U‐Pb zircon dating of quartz monzonite and monzogranite indicates their Early Permian age (ca. 293 to 286 Ma). The rocks appear to have been produced by remelting of a partially crystallized (mush) magma batch at deeper levels, which is evident by the presence of zircon antecrysts dated at some 306 to 320 Ma. These geochronological data are consistent with a post‐collisional setting of the pluton that occurred after the cessation of subduction, which affected the Middle Tien Shan in the Late Palaeozoic. Geochemical signatures of the igneous rocks from the Molo‐Sarychat pluton correspond to high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic series intrusions emplaced in a post‐collisional setting. An initial shoshonitic magma was produced by a low‐degree partial melting of the metasomatically enriched upper mantle, with amphibole fractionation in a deep (lower crustal) magma chamber. In this evolution, a generation, under the influence of mantle‐supplied fluids and heat, granitic magmas in the crustal protolith can be suggested, with further mixing/mingling of the mantle‐derived mafic (shoshonitic) magma and mantle‐induced crustal granitic magma, followed by the magma fractionation and emplacement at shallower crustal levels. The skarn‐porphyry Mo‐Cu‐W(‐Au) mineralization associated with the Molo‐Sarychat pluton complements the group of similar deposits associated with high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic series intrusions in the Middle Tien Shan and globally. The characteristic Mo‐W‐Cu‐Au metal assemblage and the high endowment in W and particularly Mo can be related to the fertilization of subduction‐modified subcontinental mantle in these metals, and its subsequent involvement in the magma generation in post‐collisional setting. A certain role of crustal magma sources in the strong Mo endowment can be considered that would be consistent with some A‐type granitoid affinity of the igneous rocks. The Early Permian age of these high‐potassic intrusions supporting their post‐collisional emplacement is remarkably similar to the age of hydrothermal alteration assemblages, previously reported for the super‐large Kumtor Au deposit situated in a similar post‐collisional setting nearby.

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A Comparison of Granite-Related Tin, Tungsten, and Gold-Bismuth Deposits: Implications for Exploration

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

The Ulug-Sair Gold-Bismuth Ore Occurrence (Western Tuva, Russia): PT Parameters, The Composition of Fluids, and Isotopy of S and O

The Ulug-Sair Gold-Bismuth Ore Occurrence (Western Tuva, Russia): PT Parameters, The Composition of Fluids, and Isotopy of S and O

Nb‐Ta‐Sn‐W Distribution in Granite‐related Ore Systems

Late Palaeozoic potassic igneous rocks of the Molo‐Sarychat pluton in the eastern Kyrgyz Tien Shan: Geochemistry, U–Pb zircon geochronology and implications for related skarn‐porphyry Mo‐W‐Cu‐Au mineralization

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